Measuring collective action intention toward gender equality across cultures

Collective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across cultures

Measuring collective action intention toward gender equality across cultures

Collective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across cultures.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role

Femmes et migrations

Ce dossier compare des travaux sur les migrations féminines dans plusieurs pays européens et montre comment les femmes migrantes sont passées de l’invisibilité à une plus grande visibilité dans l’espace public. Il interroge cette réalité de la féminisation des flux migratoires et explique le traitement des migrantes comme une catégorie des politiques publiques, comme une cible des représentations sociales sur l’immigration dans les débats. Les pratiques associatives et culturelles de ces femmes sont une des manières possibles pour elles de renverser les images stigmatisées qui leur sont accolées

Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.Peer reviewe

Global patterns and predictors of microplastic occurrence and abundance in lentic systems

The majority of microplastic research has focused on seawater, with fewer than 4% of microplasticsrelated studies occurring on freshwaters. The limited available information suggests that the abundance of microplastics in freshwaters is often as high or even higher than marine environments. However, comprehensive investigations on occurrence and fate of microplastics in freshwaters are scarce and highly fragmented, partly because detection and identification of microplastic particles is rather complex. In addition, up to now, harmonized and standardized protocols for the sampling and analysis of microplastics in freshwaters do not exist, and studies with different research aims and hypotheses often report unstandardized results, making comparison among studies difficult. In the present study, we performed the first global standardized sampling and analysis effort to investigate the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in surface water of lakes and reservoirs with different anthropogenic impacts. Participants aim to collect water samples of freshwater systems with different features (e.g., area, depth, thermal behavior, watershed), following a common protocol. This 18 establishes the collection of samples by horizontal trawling of a plankton net and, after treatment with hydrogen peroxide, the polymer identification through micro-Raman spectroscopy. This GLEON project will allow obtaining comparable data about microplastic contamination in different freshwater systems around the globe. With this global dataset, our goals are to determine whether a relationship exists between the abundance of microplastics and the waterbody/watershed attributes and understand which factors are likely to influence the occurrence of microplastics in surface water of lentic systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global patterns and predictors of microplastic occurrence and abundance in lentic systems

The majority of microplastic research has focused on seawater, with fewer than 4% of microplasticsrelated studies occurring on freshwaters. The limited available information suggests that theabundance of microplastics in freshwaters is often as high or even higher than marine environments.However, comprehensive investigations on occurrence and fate of microplastics in freshwaters arescarce and highly fragmented, partly because detection and identification of microplastic particles israther complex. In addition, up to now, harmonized and standardized protocols for the sampling andanalysis of microplastics in freshwaters do not exist, and studies with different research aims andhypotheses often report unstandardized results, making comparison among studies difficult. In thepresent study, we performed the first global standardized sampling and analysis effort to investigatethe occurrence and distribution of microplastics in surface water of lakes and reservoirs with differentanthropogenic impacts. Participants aim to collect water samples of freshwater systems with differentfeatures (e.g., area, depth, thermal behavior, watershed), following a common protocol. This establishes the collection of samples by horizontal trawling of a plankton net and, after treatmentwith hydrogen peroxide, the polymer identification through micro-Raman spectroscopy. This GLEONproject will allow obtaining comparable data about microplastic contamination in different freshwatersystems around the globe. With this global dataset, our goals are to determine whether a relationshipexists between the abundance of microplastics and the waterbody/watershed attributes andunderstand which factors are likely to influence the occurrence of microplastics in surface water oflentic systems.Fil: Nava, Veronica. University Of Milano-Bicocca; ItaliaFil: Frezzotti, Maria Luce. University Of Milano-Bicocca; ItaliaFil: Aherne, Julian. Trent University; CanadáFil: Alfonso, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: AntãoGeraldes, Ana M.. Instituto Politécnico De Bragança; PortugalFil: Attermeyer, Katrin. No especifíca;Fil: Bah, Abdou R.. City University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Bao, Roberto. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Bartrons, Mireia. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Berger, Stella A.. Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; AlemaniaFil: Biernaczyk, Marcin. No especifíca;Fil: Breider, Florian. Institute Of Environmental Engineering; SueciaFil: Brookes, Justin. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Cañedo Argüelles, Miguel. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Canle, Moisés. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Capelli, Camilla. Institute Of Earth Sciences; SueciaFil: Cereijo, José. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Carballeira, Rafael. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Christensen, Søren T.. Cphbusiness Laboratory And Environment; DinamarcaFil: Christoffersen, Kirsten S.. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Clayer, Francois. Norwegian Institute For Water Research; NoruegaFil: De Eyto, Elvira. Marine Institute; MayotteFil: De Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.. Netherlands Institute of Ecology; Países BajosFil: Jordi Delgado, Martín. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Doubek, Jonathan P.. Lake Superior State University; Estados UnidosFil: Eaton, Ashley. University of Vermont; Estados UnidosFil: Erdogan, Seyda. Bozok University; TurquíaFil: Erina, Oxana. Lomonosov Moscow State University; RusiaFil: Ersoy, Zeynep. Universidade De Évora; PortugalFil: Feuchtmayr, Heidrun. No especifíca;Fil: Fugère, Vincent. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Galafassi, Silvia. Water Research Institute; ItaliaFil: Gonçalves, Vitor. Universidad de Porto. Facultad de Ciências. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; PortugalFil: Grossart, Hans Peter. No especifíca;Fil: Hamilton, David. Griffith University; AustraliaFil: Hanson, Paul C.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Harris, Ted. University of Kansas; Estados UnidosFil: Başaran Kankılıç, Gökben. Kırıkkale University; TurquíaFil: Kessler, Rebecca. University of Kansas; Estados UnidosFil: Jacquet, Stéphan. No especifíca;Fil: Kangur, Külli. Estonian University Of Life Sciences; EstoniaFil: Kiel, Christine. No especifíca;Fil: Knoll, Lesley. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Kokorīte, Ilga. No especifíca;Fil: Lavoie, Isabelle. Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique; CanadáFil: Leiva Presa, Àngels. No especifíca;Fil: Lepori, Fabio. University Of Applied Sciences And Arts Of Southern Switzerland; SuizaFil: Lusher, Amy. Norwegian Institute For Water Research; NoruegaFil: Macintyre, Sally. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Matias, Miguel. Universidade De Évora; PortugalFil: Matsuzaki, Shin Ichiro S.. National Institute For Enviromental Studies; JapónFil: Mccarthy, Valerie. Dundalk Institute Of Technology; IrlandaFil: Mcelarney, Yvonne. Agri - Food And Bioscience Institute; IrlandaFil: Mcnally, David. Winooski High School; Estados UnidosFil: Mekonen Belay, Berte. Netherlands Institute Of Ecology; Países BajosFil: Messyasz, Beata. Adam Mickiewicz University In Poznan; PoloniaFil: Mlambo, Musa. Rhodes University. Albany Museum.; SudáfricaFil: Nandini, Sarma. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Nodine, Emily. Rollins College; Estados UnidosFil: Özen, Arda. Çankırı Karatekin University; TurquíaFil: Ozkundakci, Deniz. Waikato Regional Council Science; Nueva ZelandaFil: Vazquez Perez, Ricardo. Universidad da Coruña; EspañaFil: Pociecha, Agnieszka. Institute Of Nature Conservation; PoloniaFil: Raposeiro, Pedro. Universidad de Porto. Facultad de Ciências. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; PortugalFil: Rõõm, Eva Ingrid. Estonian University Of Life Sciences; EstoniaFil: Salmaso, Nico. Research And Innovation Centre; ItaliaFil: Sarma, Singaraju S. S.. Facultad De Estudios Superiores Iztacala; MéxicoFil: Saulnier Talbot, Émilie. Laval University. Centre Hospitalier de L'universite Laval; CanadáFil: Scordo, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Sibomana, Claver. University Of Burundi; BurundiFil: Stepanowska, Katarzyna. West Pomeranian University Of Technology In Szczecin; PoloniaFil: Tavşanoğlu, Ü. Nihan. Çankırı Karatekin University; TurquíaFil: Tolotti, Monica. Research And Innovation Centre; ItaliaFil: Udoh, Abel. Gazi University; TurquíaFil: Urrutia Cordera, Pablo. Uppsala University; SueciaFil: Valois, Amanda. National Institute Of Water And Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Vandergoes, Marcus. No especifíca;Fil: Verburg, Piet. National Institute Of Water And Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Volta, Pietro. Water Research Institute - National Research Council; ItaliaFil: Wain, Danielle. No especifíca;Fil: Wesolek, Brian. Bay Mills Indian Community; Estados UnidosFil: Weyhenmeyer, Gesa. Uppsala University; SueciaFil: Wightman, Ryan. Agri - Food And Bioscience Institute; IrlandaFil: Wood, Susie. Cawthron Institute; Nueva ZelandaFil: Wu, Naicheng. Ningbo University; ChinaFil: Zawiska, Izabela. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Zawisza, Edyta. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Zink, Lauren. University Of Lethbridge; CanadáFil: Leoni, Barbara. University Of Milano Bicocca; ItaliaThe Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network All Hands' MeetingEstados UnidosGlobal Lake Ecological Observatory Networ