Cambio y continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico (2009-2019)

Este informe ofrece un análisis del cambio y la continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico con el cambio de presidencia de Barack Obama a Donald Trump. El objetivo es entender los cambios que ha provocado la llegada del nuevo presidente estadounidense, para así considerar posibles tendencias en la política exterior estadounidense en el futuro, y sus impactos en el sistema internacional. Para ello, se han utilizado los 3 niveles de análisis en relaciones internacionales (individual, estatal y sistémico), y una definición propia de cambio y continuidad.This report offers an analysis of the change and continuity in US foreign policy towards Asia-Pacific with the change of presidency from Barack Obama to Donald Trump. The objective is to understand the changes caused by the arrival of the new US president, in order to consider possible trends in US foreign policy in the future, and its impacts on the international system. For this, the 3 levels of analysis in international relations (individual, state and systemic), and a definition of change and continuity have been used

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Cambio y continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico (2009-2019)

Este informe ofrece un análisis del cambio y la continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico con el cambio de presidencia de Barack Obama a Donald Trump. El objetivo es entender los cambios que ha provocado la llegada del nuevo presidente estadounidense, para así considerar posibles tendencias en la política exterior estadounidense en el futuro, y sus impactos en el sistema internacional. Para ello, se han utilizado los 3 niveles de análisis en relaciones internacionales (individual, estatal y sistémico), y una definición propia de cambio y continuidad.This report offers an analysis of the change and continuity in US foreign policy towards Asia-Pacific with the change of presidency from Barack Obama to Donald Trump. The objective is to understand the changes caused by the arrival of the new US president, in order to consider possible trends in US foreign policy in the future, and its impacts on the international system. For this, the 3 levels of analysis in international relations (individual, state and systemic), and a definition of change and continuity have been used

Cambio y continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico (2009-2019)

Este informe ofrece un análisis del cambio y la continuidad en la política exterior estadounidense hacia Asia-Pacífico con el cambio de presidencia de Barack Obama a Donald Trump. El objetivo es entender los cambios que ha provocado la llegada del nuevo presidente estadounidense, para así considerar posibles tendencias en la política exterior estadounidense en el futuro, y sus impactos en el sistema internacional. Para ello, se han utilizado los 3 niveles de análisis en relaciones internacionales (individual, estatal y sistémico), y una definición propia de cambio y continuidad.This report offers an analysis of the change and continuity in US foreign policy towards Asia-Pacific with the change of presidency from Barack Obama to Donald Trump. The objective is to understand the changes caused by the arrival of the new US president, in order to consider possible trends in US foreign policy in the future, and its impacts on the international system. For this, the 3 levels of analysis in international relations (individual, state and systemic), and a definition of change and continuity have been used