The Literary Relationship Between the Gospels of John and Luke with Special Reference to John 20:1-18

A problem that has long captured the critical attention of New Testament scholars has been the so-called Synoptic problem, which seeks to identify and explain the literary relationships that exist among the first three Gospels. A similar and no less vexing problem is that of the literary relationship between the Synoptics and the Gospel of John. Of the three Synoptics, Mark offers perhaps the most striking parallels with the Fourth Gospel and therefore the strongest evidence of literary dependence on the part of John. Matthew, on the other hand, offers the fewest parallels and hence the least compelling evidence for such a dependency.2But Luke, in many ways, offers the most interesting parallels, and it is partly for this reason that his Gospel has been chosen for special study in this paper

Unchurched Church Architecture: An Examination of the Relationship between Exterior Protestant Church Design and the Conceptualizations of the Churched and Unchurched

In recent decades, the exterior design of Protestant churches, primarily those affiliated with evangelical Protestantism in America, has undergone radical re-formulation. Since the late 1970’s many congregations have built churches that intentionally avoid traditional churchly design and instead are designed with an exterior architecture similar to secular building typologies such as schools, offices, stadiums, and commercial buildings. This design trend, known as architectural evangelism, is a product of the combination of the evangelistic desire to engage the unchurched such that they may become churched, and the application of a missiological logic which proposes that churchly architecture is a barrier for unchurched attendance. The influence and adoption of architectural evangelism is pervasive, having produced decades of engagement and practice. Yet, despite this widespread engagement, there has been no systematic study of the accuracy of architectural evangelism’s ideas. Thus, this dissertation examines the aptness of architectural evangelism and the efficacy of its design prescriptions by asking: What is the relationship between the design of Protestant church exteriors and 1) place constructs and 2) place judgements held by churched and unchurched individuals? Utilizing a comparative case study research design, the research employs an image-based sorting task interview. Four case studies were conducted with 25 churched and 25 unchurched respondents interviewed in each case study, for a total of 200 respondents. Two case studies were located in Southeast Michigan and two in Southern California. In each location, one case study was drawn from a case study church that does not embrace architectural evangelism and one case study church that does. The results of the study demonstrate the accuracy of architectural evangelism’s presuppositions that churched and unchurched individuals hold different constructs, yet the details of those constructs are not as predicted. In fact, the unchurched respondents judged churches designed with a more traditional ecclesiological profile to be more comfortable, beautiful, and overall more preferred over churches that use secular typologies. Furthermore, the unchurched preference is most highly correlated with aesthetic beauty and also positively correlated with perceived emphasis of worship. The results suggest that architectural evangelism’s design prescriptions may be in error.PHDArchitectureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135850/1/mwnierma_1.pd

A History of Concordia College, New Orleans

The problem dealt with in this paper has led up to the question, Why did the school close? A threefold answer has been offered: (a) Conditions in the city of New Orleans did not permit the expansion of the school; (b) The Lutheran people in the South did not gift proper support to the school; ( c) There was a lack of measures on the part of the leaders to avert a crisis. The report was written with a hope that some of the problems and difficulties which face secondary schools may be met, and that the schools of the future my have the best possible planning

Architectural Evangelism: Examination of Place Constructs Held by Churched and Unchurched Individuals

In recent decades, the exterior design of Protestant churches has undergone radical reformulation under the influence of the church growth architectural design theory known as architectural evangelism. Presupposing that churched and unchurched individuals hold differing place constructs, architectural evangelism seeks to attract unchurched individuals to the church by changing the exterior design from church typologies to secular typologies. In doing so, as the theory proposes, when an unchurched individual is exposed to a typology they are more familiar with, a different place construct formulation occurs—a place construct rooted in conceptions of comfort and the perception of community-based activities. Noting the widespread influence of architectural evangelism, this paper explores the foundational claims of the design theory, namely: 1) Do churched and unchurched individuals have different church place constructs, and 2) Does the exposure to exterior church design elicit certain connotations and perceptions of community activity

Architectural Evangelism: Examination of Place Constructs Held by Churched and Unchurched Individuals

In recent decades, the exterior design of Protestant churches has undergone radical reformulation under the influence of the church growth architectural design theory known as architectural evangelism. Presupposing that churched and unchurched individuals hold differing place constructs, architectural evangelism seeks to attract unchurched individuals to the church by changing the exterior design from church typologies to secular typologies. In doing so, as the theory proposes, when an unchurched individual is exposed to a typology they are more familiar with, a different place construct formulation occurs—a place construct rooted in conceptions of comfort and the perception of community-based activities. Noting the widespread influence of architectural evangelism, this paper explores the foundational claims of the design theory, namely: 1) Do churched and unchurched individuals have different church place constructs, and 2) Does the exposure to exterior church design elicit certain connotations and perceptions of community activity

John 1:9 in the Light of Historical Interpretation

The purpose of this investigation is to give the solutions of various commentators to the interpretive problems of John 1:9 and to propose an interpretation based on an exegetical study of this passage

John 1:9 in the Light of Historical Interpretation

The purpose of this investigation is to give the solutions of various commentators to the interpretive problems of John 1:9 and to propose an interpretation based on an exegetical study of this passage