40,156 research outputs found
The trumping relation and the structure of the bipartite entangled states
The majorization relation has been shown to be useful in classifying which
transformations of jointly held quantum states are possible using local
operations and classical communication. In some cases, a direct transformation
between two states is not possible, but it becomes possible in the presence of
another state (known as a catalyst); this situation is described mathematically
by the trumping relation, an extension of majorization. The structure of the
trumping relation is not nearly as well understood as that of majorization. We
give an introduction to this subject and derive some new results. Most notably,
we show that the dimension of the required catalyst is in general unbounded;
there is no integer such that it suffices to consider catalysts of
dimension or less in determining which states can be catalyzed into a given
state. We also show that almost all bipartite entangled states are potentially
useful as catalysts.Comment: 7 pages, RevTe
Fermion and Higgs Masses and the AGUT Model
We present two rather differently based predictions for the quark and lepton
spectrum: One provides a rather successful fit to the mass suppressions---the
well known fermion mass hierarchy---interpreted as due to most mass terms
needing to violate approximately conserved quantum numbers corresponding to the
AGUT group . This is actually, under certain conditions,
the maximal group transforming the known 45 Weyl components of the quark and
leptons into each other. From the fit to the fermion spectrum, we get a picture
of the series of Higgs fields causing the breakdown (presumably at the Planck
scale) of this AGUT to the Standard Model and, thus, providing the small masses
of all quarks and leptons except for the top quark. We separately predict the
top quark mass to be GeV and the Higgs mass to be GeV,
from the assumption that there be two degenerate minima in the effective
potential for the Weinberg Salam Higgs field with the second one at the Planck
field strength.Comment: 6 page LaTeX file plus 1 postscript figure and aipproc style file,
uses epsfig.sty; to appear in the Proceedings of Beyond the Standard Model V,
Balholm, Norway, 29 April - 4 May 199
Moth Species New to Michigan
This is a compilation of moth species previously unrecorded from Michigan. Moore\u27s (1955) publication has been critically examined necessitating some specific changes. All questionable material has been determined by present day specialists in their particular fields. The McDunnough (1938) checklist is followed in the arrangement of the new data together with most of the recent changes in nomenclature as presented by Forbes (1948, 1954, 1960), Hardwick (1970), Hodges (1971), and Covell (1970, 1971). With the advent of more sophisticated collecting equipment and the easier access to Michigan\u27s Upper Peninsula a total of 154 species has been added. Many institutional and private collections have been examined including the large collection at Michigan State University which was not considered in the Moore publication
Tunguska Dark Matter Ball
It is suggested that the Tunguska event in June 1908 cm-large was due to a
cm-large ball of a condensate of bound states of 6 top and 6 anti-top quarks
containing highly compressed ordinary matter. Such balls are supposed to make
up the dark matter as we earlier proposed. The expected rate of impact of this
kind of dark matter ball with the earth seems to crudely match a time scale of
200 years between the impacts. The main explosion of the Tunguska event is
explained in our picture as material coming out from deep within the earth,
where it has been heated and compressed by the ball penetrating to a depth of
several thousand km. Thus the effect has some similarity with volcanic activity
as suggested by Kundt. We discuss the possible identification of kimberlite
pipes with earlier Tunguska-like events. A discussion of how the dark matter
balls may have formed in the early universe is also given.Comment: In second version some typos and smaller miscalculations were change
Remarkable coincidence for the top Yukawa coupling and an approximately massless bound state
We calculate, with several corrections, the non-relativistic binding by Higgs
exchange and gluon exchange between six top and six anti-top quarks (actually
replaced by left-handed b quarks from time to time). The remarkable result is
that, within our calculational accuracy of the order of 14% in the top quark
Yukawa coupling g_t, the experimental running top-quark Yukawa coupling g_t =
0.935 happens to have just that value which gives a perfect cancellation of the
unbound mass = 12 top-quark masses by this binding energy. In other words the
bound state is massless to the accuracy of our calculation. Our calculation is
in disagreement with a similar calculation by Kuchiev et al., but this
deviation may be explained by a phase transition. We and Kuchiev et al. compute
on different sides of this phase transition.Comment: 68 pages, 3 figures; published version, including a discussion of the
results of Ref. (5) and the new Appendix
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