Neurons in the human amygdala encode face identity, but not gaze direction

The amygdala is important for face processing, and direction of eye gaze is one of the most socially salient facial signals. Recording from over 200 neurons in the amygdala of neurosurgical patients, we found robust encoding of the identity of neutral-expression faces, but not of their direction of gaze. Processing of gaze direction may rely on a predominantly cortical network rather than the amygdala

Burst firing of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe changes before epileptic seizures.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the mechanisms that lead to the sudden and unexpected occurrence of seizures, with the neuronal correlate being abnormally synchronous discharges that disrupt neuronal function. METHODS To address this problem, we recorded single neuron activity in epilepsy patients during the transition to seizures to uncover specific changes of neuronal firing patterns. We focused particularly on neurons repeatedly firing discrete groups of high-frequency action potentials (so called bursters) that have been associated with ictogenesis. We analyzed a total of 459 single neurons and used the mean autocorrelation time as a quantitative measure of burstiness. To unravel the intricate roles of excitation and inhibition, we also examined differential contributions from putative principal cells and interneurons. RESULTS During interictal recordings, burstiness was significantly higher in the seizure onset hemisphere, an effect found only for principal cells, but not for interneurons, and which disappeared before seizures. CONCLUSION These findings deviate from conventional views of ictogenesis that propose slowly-increasing aggregates of bursting neurons which give rise to seizures once they reach a critical mass. SIGNIFICANCE Instead our results are in line with recent hypotheses that bursting may represent a protective mechanism by preventing direct transmission of postsynaptic high-frequency oscillations