Clinical profile of recurrent headache in rural children of Rajasthan: A cross-sectional study

Context: Recurrent headache is a commonly encountered clinical entity in rural children. Aims: This study aims to record the clinical profile of recurrent headache in rural children of Rajasthan. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, observational study in a pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods and Materials: A total of 164 children of either sex, between 5 and 17 years of age, presenting with complaints of a recurrent headache were included in the study. All relevant clinical details collected from patients and their relatives were recorded in a structured pro forma. A detailed examination was performed to rule out underlying problems associated with a headache. Headache subtypes were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition beta, 2013. Pediatric migraine disability assessment test score and Faces pain rating scale were utilized to assess the disability and severity, respectively. Statistical analysis involved summarizing the continuous variables as mean and standard deviation while nominal/categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Results: The mean age was 11.5 years and the M:F ratio was 1:1.1. Adolescents in 13–17 years age group constituted 61.5% (n=101) of the study sample with 58.4% (n=59) female subjects. Primary headaches - tension-type headache (n=77, 46.9%), migraine (n=43, 26.2%), and new daily persistent headache (n=5, 3%) were observed in 125 (76.1%) cases. Common causes of secondary headache were somatization disorder (n=27, 16.5%), ophthalmic problems (n=7, 4.3%), medication overuse (n=3, 1.9%), intracranial tumor (n=1, 0.6), and postictal (n=1, 0.6). Conclusions: Recurrent headache in rural children has distinct etiological profile which mandates a meticulous evaluation for initiating appropriate management

Goals Or Means: How Psychological Distance Influences Depletion Effects

This paper examines how construal level influences the performance of consecutive self-control which requires sustained effort and is vulnerable to self-control resource depletion effect. We propose that at higher-level construals, individuals focus on self-relevant goals (e.g., one's health goal) and will allocate self-control resources to the second self-control task depending on the importance of the task to their goal. At lower-level construals, individuals attend to resource accessibility and will perform self-control based on their perceived fatigue involved in exerting self-control resource. In three experiments we test this proposition in the consumer health context and examine the underlying processes. [to cite]

Dealing With Anxiety: How Effective Health Messages Undermine Self-Control

Health messages that convince consumers of their heightened risk also tend to increase anxiety. The current paper examines the deleterious consequences of such anxiety. We show that processing high versus low health risk messages enhances feelings of anxiety which impair subsequent self-control. Three studies document this effect, examine underlying processes, and identify the condition that overcomes this effect. Anxiety generated from health messages did not undermine subsequent healthful behaviors when the subsequent behaviors were related to the health message domain, because here individuals took a cognitive perspective and engaged in health practice as a way of reducing uncertainty. [to cite]

Silicone-Induced Granuloma after Injection for Cosmetic Purposes: A Rare Entity of Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia is often a clue to the presence of unsuspected illness. We present an interesting case of an HIV-positive transgender female with a rare cause of silicone-induced granulomatous hypercalcemia. Although there have been a few case reports of silicone injections in dialysis patients causing hypercalcemia, this metabolic derangement secondary to silicone granulomas continues to be a unique entity with an unclear pathophysiology. We present a 45-year-old transgender HIV-positive female, with extensive silicone injections who presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia. Workup for malignancy and hyperparathyroidism was negative. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D level and 24-hour urine calcium level were elevated. CT scan showed extensive high-density reticulonodular densities in the buttocks and gluteal muscle fascia extending upwards to the lumbar region, along with prominent external iliac and inguinal lymph nodes. Nuclear imaging showed diffuse heterogeneity and increased uptake in the buttocks, most consistent with granuloma calcifications, and an inguinal lymph node biopsy confirmed a foreign body giant cell reaction. The patient was started on prednisone and this resulted in decrease in serum and urinary calcium levels. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for silicone-induced hypercalcemia considering the growing prevalence of body contour enhancement with injections, implants, and fillers using this material

Health Messages: the Roles of Emotions and Type of Healthcare Advocacies

Healthcare messages can promote health behaviors to detect disease. Alternatively, healthcare messages can encourage behaviors to prevent disease. This research examines how emotions enhance or hinder the effectiveness of disease prevention or detection advocacies. Across several emotions and different health scenarios, we find converging evidence of the results. [to cite]

OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. Ocimum is one of the most popular culinary herb known for its medicinal properties. The genus of Ocimum belongs to the family Labiatae. It includes at least 150 species and numerous cultivars. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke is an aromatic under shrub with pubescent quadrangular branchlets. The leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke are acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, anti-bacterial, insecticidal, antiviral, appetizing, ophthalmic and deodorant. This review summarizes the most interesting studies on the various pharmacognosy and pharmacological works done on the Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerk

THEILERIOSIS IN BUFFALO: A CASE STUDY

Bovine theileriosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata and Theileria parva and is transmitted through tick Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus, respectively leading to economic losses and causes devastating losses to the livestock worldwide. This paper deals with clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of theileriosis in buffalo having 4years of age and clinical signs observed were; high fever (106.7oF), anorexia, enlarge lymph nodes, dyspnoea and ocular discharge with pale mucous membrane. The peripheral blood smear confirmed the presence of Koch blue bodies. The animal was treated with a single dose of Buparvaquone, 2.5 mg/kg i.m. along with supportive therapy

Dopamine induces functional extracellular traps in microglia

Dopamine (DA) plays many roles in the brain, especially in movement, motivation, and reinforcement of behavior; however, its role in regulating innate immunity is not clear. Here, we show that DA can induce DNA-based extracellular traps in primary, adult, human microglia and BV2 microglia cell line. These DNA-based extracellular traps are formed independent of reactive oxygen species, actin polymerization, and cell death. These traps are functional and capture fluorescein (FITC)-tagged Escherichia coli even when reactive oxygen species production or actin polymerization is inhibited. We show that microglial extracellular traps are present in Glioblastoma multiforme. This is crucial because Glioblastoma multiforme cells are known to secrete DA. Our findings demonstrate that DA plays a significant role in sterile neuro-inflammation by inducing microglia extracellular traps