Strategie di controllo dei vettori associati ai giallumi della vite.

Flavescence dor\ue9e and Bois noir are grapevine yellows diseases of great economic importance in European viticulture. They are associated with \u201cCa. Phytoplasma vitis\u201d and \u201cCa. Phytoplasma solani\u201d transmitted by the Cicadellidae Scaphoideus titanus Ball and by the Cixiidae Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, respectively. The control strategies of these diseases are based on rouging of infected plants, source of phytoplasmas, and on vectors control before they are able to inoculate the pathogens in healthy plants. Since plant sources of phytoplasmas external to vineyards are implicated in the epidemiology of these diseases, control strategies must be implemented at territorial level and involve all the growers. From 2014, according to CE Directive 128/2009 on \u201cSustainable use of pesticides\u201d, all growers must adopt alternative methods to chemical control in order to reduce the use of pesticides. In this contribution we aim to review current monitoring and control techniques as well as the new perspectives in the control of the grapevine yellows diseases in an Integrated Pest Management context

Muography applied to nuclear waste storage sites

Legacy storage sites for nuclear waste can pose a serious environmental problem. In fact, since certain sites date from the middle of the last century when safety protocols had not been properly established and strict bookkeeping was not enforced, a situation has evolved where the content of storage silos is basically known only with a large uncertainty both on quantity and quality. At the same time maintenance work on old storage structures is becoming ever more urgent and yet this work requires exactly that information which is now lacking on the type of waste that was stored inside. Because of the difficulty in accessing the storage silos and the near impossibility of making visual inspections inside, techniques have to be developed which can determine the presence or absence of heavy elements (i.e. uranium) within the structures. Muography is a very promising technique which could allow the survey of previously inaccessible structures. We have begun an evaluation performing feasibility studies using simulations based on real case scenarios. This paper will outline the storage site scenarios and then present some of the results obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations