Understanding the Effect of Transpilation in the Reliability of Quantum Circuits

Transpiling is a necessary step to map a logical quantum algorithm to a circuit executed on a physical quantum machine, according to the available gate set and connectivity topology. Different transpiling approaches try to minimize the most critical parameters for the current transmon technology, such as Depth and CNOT number. Crucially, these approaches do not take into account the reliability of the circuit. In particular, transpilation can modify how radiation-induced transient faults propagate. In this paper, we aim at advancing the understanding of transpilation impact on fault propagation by investigating the low-level reliability of several transpiling approaches. We considered 4 quantum algorithms transpiled for 2 different architectures, increasing the number of qubits, and all possible logical-to-physical qubit mapping, adding to a total of 4, 640 transpiled circuits. We inject a total of 202, 124 faults and track their propagation. Our experiments show that by simply choosing the proper transpilation, the reliability of the circuit can improve by up to 14%

New detailed characterization of the residual luminescence emitted by the GAGG:Ce scintillator crystals for the HERMES Pathfinder mission

The HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Pathfinder mission aims to develop a constellation of nanosatellites to study astronomical transient sources, such as gamma-ray bursts, in the X and soft $\gamma$ energy range, exploiting a novel inorganic scintillator. This study presents the results obtained describing, with an empirical model, the unusually intense and long-lasting residual emission of the GAGG:Ce scintillating crystal after irradiating it with high energy protons (70 MeV) and ultraviolet light ($\sim$ 300 nm). From the model so derived, the consequences of this residual luminescence for the detector performance in operational conditions has been analyzed. It was demonstrated that the current generated by the residual emission peaks at 1-2 pA, thus ascertaining the complete compatibility of this detector with the HERMES Pathfinder nanosatellites

The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission

The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance

Investigation on wireless communication for sensors in IoT cold chain

Thermal monitoring is a key requirement for cold chain management. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) offers new opportunities for dense and/or large-scale deployment of sensors, which need to collect data to effectively control the cooling system. Various technologies are used for data transmission. Although Bluetooth is widely exploited for transmitting data in IoT applications, its use in the cold chain management is rare. In this paper, the architecture of an IoT temperature monitoring system is studied and the technological choices of its components are analyzed and compared. In particular, the paper focuses on IoT node boards with Bluetooth, in order to highlight the opportunities of a currently undervalued technology. A theoretical analysis highlights its benefits for the application context and evaluates its suitability for monitoring systems suitable for cold rooms. The theoretical results are supported by an experimental analysis based on the implementation of different systems

A Quantum Adaptation to Roll Truly Random Dice in Role Playing Games

In role-playing games (RPGs), players are called upon to assume the role of a character moving in an imaginary environment and facing several challenges. Their success or failure often depends on randomizers like cards or dice. Regarding the latter, the most commonly used in RPGs are the Platonic solids with the addition of the ten-sided die. They are commonly simulated through classical computers, however, since true randomness is not in their nature, they can only generate pseudorandom numbers. On the contrary, quantum computers exploit the nondeterministic nature of quantum mechanics, so they are perfect candidates for truly random simulations in games of chance. For this reason, this paper proposes and tests various quantum circuits for sampling uniformly distributed discrete values within a fixed range, corresponding to the number of faces of the dice. The simulations reveal the pure randomness of the output of the implemented circuits. They were then used to generate random numbers within a three-dimensional dice-rolling game

Recurrent Neural Networks for Soil Moisture Prediction Leveraging Soil Matric Potential Data

Soil moisture is a parameter of paramount importance for a variety of applications, such as predicting floods and droughts, monitoring agricultural crop performance, and managing water supply. It can be measured in several ways, such as Volumetric Water Content (VWC) and soil matric potential. An experiment was carried out by placing soil matric potential sensors at depths of 20 centimeters and 40 centimeters within the root layer of an adult apple tree orchard to gather data every 10 minutes and to train some Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models to predict future matric potential values at the depths of interest. Base RNN, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks were employed to accomplish the aforementioned goal. Additionally, feature selection analysis was used to determine the best parameters to feed the models. The trained models give an accurate short-term prediction of 10 minutes, with an R2 of 0.9947, and a long-term prediction of 3 hours, with an R2 of 0.7922 at 20 centimeters

BESIDE \u2013BEhavioral integrated System for diagnosis, support and monItoring of neuro-Degenerative diseasEs

Il progetto di ricerca industriale e sviluppo sperimentale denominato BESIDE intende applicare tecniche di intelligenza artificiale per l\u2019analisi di pattern motori (Gait Analysis) e comportamentali di individui affetti da malattie neurodegenerative. In particolare, il progetto intende individuare i sensori pi\uf9 idonei e sviluppare un complesso sistema di sorveglianza IoT in grado di fornire evidenze specifiche agli staff medici inerenti i comportamenti e le evoluzioni del decadimento fisico del paziente anche quando lo stesso non \ue8 sotto diretta osservazione

Neonatal Antibiotics and Prematurity Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in the First Year of Life

Objective To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in the first year of life and the influence of different neonatal factors on development of FGIDs. Study design A prospective cohort multicenter study including neonates, consecutively enrolled at birth, and fol- lowed up until 1 year. Gestational age, neonatal antibiotic administration, duration of hospitalization, mode of delivery, birth weight, and feeding pattern were recorded. FGIDs were classified according to Rome III criteria and assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of life. Results Among 1152 newborns enrolled, 934 (81.1%) completed the study, 302 (32%) were newborns born pre- term, 320 (34%) had neonatal antibiotics, and 718 (76.9%) had at least 1 FGID according to Rome III criteria (443 [47.4%] infantile colic, 374 [40.0%] regurgitation, 297 [31.8%] infant dyschezia, 248 [26.6%] functional constipation, and 34 [3.6%] functional diarrhea) throughout the first year of life. The proportion of infants born preterm presenting with FGIDs (86%) was significantly greater compared with infants born full term (72.5%) (c2 = 21.3, P = .0001). On multivariate analysis, prematurity and neonatal use of antibiotics was significantly associated with at least 1 FGID. Conclusions We found a high rate FGIDs in infants, likely related to the population recruited, the long observation period, the diagnosis based on Rome III criteria, and parental reports. Preterm delivery and neonatal use of antibi- otics in the first months of life are associated with an increased incidence of FGIDs, particularly infantile colic and regurgitation. In our population, cesarean delivery and feeding pattern at 1 month of life emerged as additional risk factors for infant dyschezia and functional diarrhea. Other neonatal factors associated with FGIDs need to be further explored