Renal perfusion evaluation by alternating current biosusceptometry of magnetic nanoparticles

a b s t r a c t Alternating current susceptometry, a simple and affordable technique, was employed to study the sensitivity of this approach to assess rat kidney perfusion by the injection of 200 μL of magnetic nanoparticles with a concentration of 23 mg/mL in the femoral vein and the measurement of the signal above the kidney. The instrument was able to detect the signal and the transit time of the first and second pass were measured in five animals with average values of 13.67 4.3 s and 20.6 7 7.1 s

Renal perfusion evaluation by alternating current biosusceptometry of magnetic nanoparticles

Alternating current susceptometry, a simple and affordable technique, was employed to study the sensitivity of this approach to assess rat kidney perfusion by the injection of 200 mu L of magnetic nanoparticles with a concentration of 23 mg/mL in the femoral vein and the measurement of the signal above the kidney. The instrument was able to detect the signal and the transit time of the first and second pass were measured in five animals with average values of 13.6 +/- 4.3 s and 20.6 +/- 7.1 s. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Specific T cell induction using iron oxide based nanoparticles as subunit vaccine adjuvant

Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) stimulate innate immunity; however, they have never been demonstrated to be capable of aiding the generation of specific cellular immune responses. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate whether iron oxide-based NPs have adjuvant properties in generating cellular Th1, Th17 and TCD8 (Tc1) immune responses. For this purpose, a fusion protein (CMX) composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens was used as a subunit vaccine. Citrate-coated MnFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The vaccine was formulated by homogenizing NPs with the recombinant protein, and protein corona formation was determined by dynamic light scattering and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The vaccine was evaluated for the best immunization route and strategy using subcutaneous and intranasal routes with 21-day intervals between immunizations. When administered subcutaneously, the vaccine generated specific CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD8+IFN-γ+ responses. Intranasal vaccination induced specific Th1, Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) and Tc1 responses, mainly in the lungs. Finally, a mixed vaccination strategy (2 subcutaneous injections followed by one intranasal vaccination) induced a Th1 (in the spleen and lungs) and splenic Tc1 response but was not capable of inducing a Th17 response in the lungs. This study shows for the first time a subunit vaccine with iron oxide based NPs as an adjuvant that generated cellular immune responses (Th1, Th17 and TCD8), thereby exhibiting good adjuvant qualities. Additionally, the immune response generated by the subcutaneous administration of the vaccine diminished the bacterial load of Mtb challenged animals, showing the potential for further improvement as a vaccine against tuberculosis