310 research outputs found
Intermittency in second-harmonic radiation from plasmonic hot spots on rough silver films
Journal ArticleSurface enhancement of electromagnetic fields in plasmonic hot spots formed on rough silver films enables the observation of second-harmonic generation (SHG) from single metal nanoparticles. Nonlinear light scattering from these particles exhibits blinking in analogy to luminescence from single quantum dots, molecules and atoms; and fluctuations in single molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Hot spots also display multiphoton white light emission besides SHG. In contrast to SHG, white light emission is stable with time, demonstrating that it is not the plasmonic field enhancement which fluctuates but the nonlinear polarizability (x(2)) of the emitting species
Exciton storage in CdSe/CdS tetrapod semiconductor nanocrystals: Electric field effects on exciton and multiexciton states
CdSe/CdS nanocrystal tetrapods are interesting building blocks for excitonic circuits, where the flow of excitation energy is gated by an external stimulus. The physical morphology of the nanoparticle, along with the electronic structure, which favors electron delocalization between the two semiconductors, suggests that all orientations of a particle relative to an external electric field will allow for excitons to be dissociated, stored, and released at a later time. While this approach, in principle, works, and fluorescence quenching of over 95% can be achieved electrically, we find that discrete trap states within the CdS are required to dissociate and store the exciton. These states are rapidly filled up with increasing excitation density, leading to a dramatic reduction in quenching efficiency. Charge separation is not instantaneous on the CdS excitonic antennae in which light absorption occurs, but arises from the relaxed exciton following hole localization in the core. Consequently, whereas strong electromodulation of the core exciton is observed, the core multiexciton and the CdS arm exciton are not affected by an external electric field
A Second Homotopy Group for Digital Images
We define a second (higher) homotopy group for digital images. Namely, we construct a functor from digital images to abelian groups, which closely resembles the ordinary second homotopy group from algebraic topology. We illustrate that our approach can be effective by computing this (digital) second homotopy group for a digital 2-sphere
Surface plasmon delocalization in silver nanoparticle aggregates revealed by subdiffraction supercontinuum hot spots
The plasmonic resonances of nanostructured silver films produce exceptional surface enhancement, enabling reproducible single-molecule Raman scattering measurements. Supporting a broad range of plasmonic resonances, these disordered systems are difficult to investigate with conventional far-field spectroscopy. Here, we use nonlinear excitation spectroscopy and polarization anisotropy of single optical hot spots of supercontinuum generation to track the transformation of these plasmon modes as the mesoscopic structure is tuned from a film of discrete nanoparticles to a semicontinuous layer of aggregated particles. We demonstrate how hot spot formation from diffractively-coupled nanoparticles with broad spectral resonances transitions to that from spatially delocalized surface plasmon excitations, exhibiting multiple excitation resonances as narrow as 13 meV. Photon-localization microscopy reveals that the delocalized plasmons are capable of focusing multiple narrow radiation bands over a broadband range to the same spatial region within 6 nm, underscoring the existence of novel plasmonic nanoresonators embedded in highly disordered systems
Preparing Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Images from CCD Data
We present a new, and we believe arguably correct, algorithm for producing
Red-Green-Blue (RBG) composites from 3-band astronomical images. Our method
ensures that an object with a specified astronomical color (e.g. g-r and r-i)
has a unique color in the RGB image, as opposed to the burnt-out white stars to
which we are accustomed. A natural consequence of this is that we can use the
same colors to code color-magnitude diagrams, providing a natural `index' to
our images. We also introduce the use of an asinh stretch, which allows us to
show faint objects while simultaneously preserving the structure of brighter
objects in the field, such as the spiral arms of large galaxies. We believe
that, in addition to their aesthetic value, our images convey far more
information than do the traditional ones, and provide examples from Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging, the Hubble Deep Field (HDF), and Chandra to
support our claims. More examples are available at
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~rhl/PrettyPicture
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