Using a meta-ethnographic approach to explore the nature of facilitation and teaching approaches employed in interprofessional education.

BACKGROUND: Interprofessional facilitators and teachers are regarded as central to the effective delivery of interprofessional education (IPE). As the IPE literature continues to expand, most studies have focused on reporting learner outcomes, with little attention paid to IPE facilitation. However, a number of studies have recently emerged reporting on this phenomenon. AIM: To present a synthesis of qualitative evidence on the facilitation of IPE, using a meta-ethnographic approach. METHODS: Electronic databases and journals were searched for the past 10 years. Of the 2164 abstracts initially found, 94 full papers were reviewed and subsequently 12 papers were included. Teams of two reviewers independently completed each step in the review process. The quality of these papers was assessed using a modified critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS: Seven key concepts embedded in the included studies were synthesized into three main factors which provided an insight into the nature of IPE facilitation. Specifically, the synthesis found that IPE facilitation is influenced by "contextual characteristics"; "facilitator experiences"; and the "use of different facilitation strategies". CONCLUSIONS: IPE facilitation is a complex activity affected by contextual, experiential and pedagogical factors. Further research is needed to explore the effects of these factors on the delivery of IPE

Dividend payments from employee share scheme trusts

In the past, there has been confusion regarding the taxation of dividends received from employee share scheme trusts. Conflicting interpretations of the definitions in section 8C and certain provisions of 10(1)(k) of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (ITA) have caused administrators of these schemes to treat the taxation of dividends in various ways. Section 10(1)(k)(i)(ii) was introduced in the Taxation Laws Amendment Act (TLAA) of 2013 to address the situation where employers are disguising salaries and bonuses as dividend payments to members of employee share scheme trusts. The intention behind this new section 10(1)(k)(i)(ii) is quite clear but it is not entirely certain whether it is having the desired effect as there is still uncertainty around the treatment of dividends from unrestricted equity instruments. The Davis Tax Committee (DTC) published recommendations on the taxation of trusts in its first interim report on estate duty. These recommendations could further complicate matters and have significant tax implications for all the parties involved in these employee share scheme trusts. To try and understand the uncertainty around these dividend payments an analysis was conducted on section 10(1)(k)(i)(dd) and 10(1)(k)(i)(ii) of the ITA. It was also necessary to look at the different types of employee share schemes that are available and also the nature of dividends, dividends withholding tax (DWT) and capital gains tax (CGT). Section 8C and the definitions therein were also analysed to understand the taxation of taxpayers on vesting of equity instruments. A brief look at the treatment of dividend payments from United Kingdom employee share scheme trusts also provided some useful context from an international perspective. Two case studies were conducted to analyse the overall tax effect based on the current tax legislation and also taking into consideration the recommendations made by the first DTC Report

Pre-service teachers' subject knowledge of and attitudes about radioactivity and ionising radiation

This study focussed on secondary school (11-18 years) pre-service teachers’ (n=73) knowledge of and attitudes towards risks associated with alpha, beta and gamma radiations. A multi-method approach was used with physics, chemistry, biology and history graduates undertaking the one year initial teacher training, Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) course at a university in central England. A novel research tool, involving interviews about real concrete contexts and first hand data collection with radioactive sources, was employed to gain insights into a sub-set of the sample (n=12) of pre-service teachers’ subject knowledge of and attitudes towards risk. The subject knowledge of all the pre-service teachers was also measured using a Certainty of Response Instrument (CRI); multiple choice questions with associated confidence indicators. Although the physicists displayed the higher levels of knowledge, they also demonstrated limitations in their knowledge and held misconceptions such as irradiation being confused with contamination. Physics graduates hold more rational attitudes and a greater willingness to accept risk while the attitudes of graduates in the other subject disciplines are more disparate. These findings raise questions about the extent to which pre-service science and history teachers have the knowledge necessary to teach this topic. The article concludes with discussion of the implications these findings have for initial teacher training, continuing professional development (CPD) needs for teachers already in the profession and curriculum developers

A Model of Mass and Heat Transfer for Disc Temperature Prediction in Open Compressor Cavities

Accurate prediction of heat transfer in compressor cavities is crucial to the design of efficient and reliable aircraft engines. The heat transfer affects the thermal expansion of the compressor rotor and, in turn, the tip clearance of the compressor blades. This paper presents a novel, physically-based predictive theoretical model of heat transfer and flow structure in an open compressor cavity, which can be used to accurately calculate disc temperatures. The radially higher region of the cavity is dominated by buoyancy effects created by the temperature difference between the hot mainstream flow and the axial through flow used to cool the turbine. Strong interaction between the air in the cavity and this through flow creates a mixing region at low radius. For a given geometry, the heat transfer and flow physics are governed by four parameters: the rotational Reynolds number Re ϕ, the buoyancy parameter βΔT, the compressibility parameter χ, and the Rossby number Ro. The model quantifies both the buoyancy- and throughflow-induced mass and heat transfer, producing a reliable prediction of the disc and air temperatures. The model takes into account a two-fold effect of the throughflow: being entrained into the cold radial plumes directly and creating a toroidal vortex in the radially lower region of the cavity. The exchange of mass between the cavity and throughflow is related to the mass flow rate in the radial plumes in the buoyancy-induced region, considering the effect of flow reversal at low Ro. The model is validated using data collected in the Bath Compressor Cavity Rig and can be incorporated in engine design codes to robustly compute the thermal stress and expansion of the compressor rotor, contributing to more efficient engine designs.</p

SB28-21/22: Resolution Demanding the Resignation or Termination of Rob Smith, University of Montana Computer Science Professor

SB28-21/22: Resolution Demanding the Resignation or Termination of Rob Smith, University of Montana Computer Science Professor. This resolution passed unanimously during the October 13, 2021 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM)

SB9-21/22: Resolution Striking Eight ASUM Committees from the Bylaws and Repurposing the Sustainability Board

SB9-21/22: Resolution Striking Eight ASUM Committees from the Bylaws and Repurposing the Sustainability Board. This resolution passed unanimously during the September 8, 2021 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM)

SB5-21/22: Resolution Standardizing the ASUM Bylaws and House Rules for Proper Formatting and Clarity

SB5-21/22: Resolution Standardizing the ASUM Bylaws and House Rules for Proper Formatting and Clarity. This resolution was unanimously approved during the September 1, 2021 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM). Additional attached documents provide context for the content of the resolution as it was seen on the Senate floor

Transient Buoyancy-Induced Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Compressor Cavities

The next generation of aeroengines will feature compressors with increasing pressure ratios and smaller engine cores. Maintaining high efficiencies will require increased sensitivity to reduced blade tip clearances, governed by strong buoyancy-induced flow and heat transfer within the rotating cavities formed by the discs to which the blades are attached. The inherently unsteady flow within these cavities is three-dimensional and unstable. Thermal stresses in the discs are governed by forced and natural convection across large differences in temperature, conjugate heat transfer, centrifugal forces, and disrupted by mass exchange between the core air and an axial cooling throughflow at low radius. The thermo-fluid-dynamics has further complexity during accelerations or decelerations in aeroengine transients. The engine design process requires expedient and reliable aerothermal models to predict the transitory temperatures of the discs, and hence the thermal growth of the rotor and tip clearance. This paper presents, for the first time, a theoretical model to predict compressor cavity transient heat transfer and temperatures from first principles. The reduced-order model was created in close partnership with an experimental programme using an innovative rig designed specifically to explore buoyancy-induced flow in compressor cavities. Unsteady pressure, temperature and heat flux data were collected in the rotating frame of reference under controlled boundary conditions for two engine-representative open-cavity configurations. The predicted temperature, mass flow and heat flux results were consistent with measured values within experimental uncertainty as shown by RMSE analysis. The research has identified sub- and super-critical flow regimes governed by the Rossby number and enthalpy exchange with the axial-throughflow. Fundamental insight has been established, including the presence of large-scale structures formed from buoyancy-induced convection as well as that induced purely by throughflow interaction. In collaboration with Rolls-Royce, this study has been framed in the practical context of providing expedient solutions appropriate for transient thermo-mechanical codes during the engine design process