Evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of HER2/NEU in urinary bladder neoplasms in a tertiary care hospital

Background: HER2/NEU expression in urothelial neoplasms has been reported to range from 9% to 80% on immunohistochemistry. We studied the expression of HER2/NEU in urothelial neoplasms and its variability according to histological grade along with the prognostic value. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of urinary bladder neoplasms, which comprised 45 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma followed by 13 cases of low-grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. These were then subjected to IHC by HER2/NEU. Membrane positivity for HER2/NEU was noted. Results: A total of 65% of cases showed positive membranous HER2/NEU expression. HER2/NEU expression was noted in 82.6% of cases of high grade while 8.4% of cases of low grade were positive for HER2/NEU expression. Conclusions: The majority of high grade invasive urothelial carcinomas showed positive HER2/NEU expression with a significant p-value <0.001. Thus patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma may benefit from HER2/NEU targeted therapy

Presacral immature teratoma with carcinoid in a young adult male: A rare case presentation

Presacral region is defined as potential space delineated by the rectum anteriorly, sacrum posteriorly, peritoneal reflection superiorly, and perineal muscles inferiorly. Tumors within the presacral space are uncommon with an incidence of 1:40,000. Presacral teratomas in adults are very rare. We, herein, present a case of 39‑year‑old male who was admitted with chief complaint of per rectal bleed. A large presacral mass was present which on histopathological examination was found to be immature teratoma with neuroendocrine differentiation

Occult Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Scalp Metastasis: A Case Report

The skin metastasis of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid (FVPTC) is a rare condition and the lesions should be differentiated from primary skin tumors. The scalp is the most frequent site which is involved in skin metastasis of FVPTC. It shows the poor outcome and aggressive nature of the disease. In this report, we aim to present a case report of a 65 year –old female with scalp metastasis of FVPTC highlighting the fact that a solitary cutaneous lesion may be the first evidence of disseminated malignancy in a patient with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of breast - A case report

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is best regarded as well differentiated, primary fibrosarcoma of skin. It is an uncommon, slow growing, locally aggressive, and reoccurring but rarely metastasizing tumor of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Clinically they present as firm solid nodules that arise most frequently on trunk and extremities. DFSP of the breast has been rarely reported. Here, we report a rare case of DFSP of the breast in 47-year-old woman

Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a in premalignant lesions and malignant tumours of cervix

Background: Cervical carcinoma is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and firth most common cause of cancer related deaths. Human Papilloma virus, the most common cause of cervical cancer, causes functional inactivation of pRb, resulting in overexpression of p16INK4a. The overexpression of p16INK4a correlates well with the degree of cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. The present study is done to determine the IHC expression of p16INK4a so that it may be used as a biomarker for HPV and may play a role in the prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of cervical neoplasm. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of cervical neoplasms, which comprised 47 cases of squamous cell carcinoma followed by 8 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 cases of HSIL and 2 cases of LSIL. These were then subjected to IHC by p16INK4a. Cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity for p16INK4a was noted. Results: Overall 95% cases were positive for p16INK4a expression, 100% cases of adenocarcinoma, 98% cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 100% cases of HSIL and 0% cases of LSIL were positive for p16 expression. Conclusions: The present study showed statistical correlation of immunoreactivity of p16INK4a with histological type was clinically significant (p value <0.0001). In our study, p16INK4a immunohistochemical expression increased with increasing degree of dysplasia and with presence of cervical carcinoma

DOES POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING ALMOST ALWAYS POINT TOWARDS A SINISTER CAUSE: CLINICAL SCENARIO IN THE “CANCER BELT OF NORTH INDIA” – A PROSPECTIVE HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY.

Background: Bleeding after menopause can be an early sign of malignancy in the cervix and the inner layer of the uterus. Detecting the malignancy earlier can make such malignancy manageable. The aim of this study is to determine the occurrence of bleeding after menopause in North Indian women. Methods: This was a survey-based prospective study carried out over a span of two years (January 2017 to December 2018) in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, a government hospital of tertiary care. The remaining 262 women were considered as the subjects for this study. Results: Abnormal mass was detected in the abdomen and the pelvic region of 21 women. When a speculum was inserted a mass was observed in the cervical region in 116 women, most of these masses were due to malignancy. Erosion in the cervix was observed in 42 women. A relatively small number of women had growth in their vagina and vulva region. 43.5 % of the women had heavy cervical mass, 2.3% of the women had abnormal growth in the myometrium of the uterus, 6.9% of women had malignancy in the inner layer of the uterus, 5.3% of the women had abnormal growth in the endometrium and 0.4% had cancer in the ovary. Endometrium was thicker than 10mm in 3.4% of the women. Conclusion: The bleeding after menopause is generally ignored as it seems harmless. However, it can indicate malignancy of the endometrial and cervical tissues. Recommendation: Diagnosis and evaluation of the cause can reduce the mortality and morbidity rates

Isolated Vaginal Neurofibroma Presenting as Vaginal Wall Cyst: A Rare Case Report With Review of Literature

Neurofibromas commonly involve peripheral nervous system. Isolated neurofibroma of vagina is very rare tumor and usually associated with Von Recklinghausen’s disease. Vulva is the most frequent location of neurofibroma of genital tract followed by clitoris and labia. We present a rare case of neurofibroma of vaginal wall presented as vaginal cyst in a 52 year old female with no history of any other symptoms related to Recklinghausen’s disease. Excision biopsy was done and on the histopathological examination non-encapsulated, well circumscribed mass composed of spindle shaped cells with wavy nuclei and bland nuclear chromatin was noted. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positivity with S-100

A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Correlation in Cutaneous Metastases from Internal Malignancies: A Five-Year Study

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are uncommon and occur in 0.6%–10.4% of all patients with cancer. In most cases, cutaneous metastases develop after the initial diagnosis of the primary internal malignancy and late in the course of the disease. Skin tumors are infrequent in Asian population and cutaneous metastases are quite rare. Cutaneous metastases carry a poor prognosis with average survival of few months. In the present five-year study 1924 malignant tumors were screened which included only nine cases of cutaneous metastatic deposits. A wide range of site and clinical presentations including nodules, plaques, and ulcers was noted. Histopathological findings were significant and corresponded with the primary internal malignancy. Cutaneous metastases from breast carcinoma (44.4%) were the most common finding followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and renal cell carcinoma (22.2% each) and carcinoma cervix (11.1%). The aim of our study is to classify the cutaneous metastases and to evaluate their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical correlation with the primary tumor

Benign Vulvar Adnexal Tumours - A 5 Year Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Despite of the fact that the vulva contains a high density of apocrine and anogenital mammary glands in addition to eccrine glands and folliculosebaceous units, the benign vulvar adnexal tumours are rare. Though the varied clinical presentation and diverse histopathological spectrum of vulvar neoplasms has amazed the pathologists, only few studies have been reported in literature. The present five year study consists of only five cases of benign vulvar neoplasms depicting their rarity. Hidradenoma papilliferum and syringoma were the most common entities followed by Chondroid syringoma. The aim of our study is to explore and highlight the histopathological diversity of benign vulvar adnexal tumours reflecting the relative frequency of these structures