Radiographic images

Acute Intestinal Obstruction Retroperitoneal Neurogenic Tumor Extensive Bilateral Pneumonic Consolidations Leading to ARDS Haemorrhagic Transformation of Subacute Infarct Acute Occlusive Portal Vein Thrombosis Extending into Superior Mesenteric and Splenic Vein

Congenital Heart Diseases in Neonates

Background: To determine the frequency of congenital heart diseases in neonates Methods: In this descriptive study, echocardiography was performed in all 459 suspected cases of congenital heart diseases. Results: In 162 confirmed cases, the frequency of congenital heart disease was 2.86%. Male outnumbered female (100vs 62). Acyanotic lesions were more common than cyanotic lesions (127vs 35). Ventricular Septal Defect was the most common acyanotic lesion while Transposition of Greater Arteries was the most common cyanotic lesion Conclusion: Congenital heart diseases, being one of the commonest problem in newborns, requires early diagnosis, so that the affected child can get maximum medical support and benefi

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Detection of Synovial Hypertrophy in Patients with Osteoarthritis

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of  ultrasound in the detection of  synovial hypertrophy in patients with osteoarthritis by using MRI as the gold standard. Methods: In this descriptive study, 150 patients  with complaint of joint pain and stiffness, were included. Ultrasound was carried out. Subsequently, MRI scan of affected joint was performed. Results: By taking the synovial thickness of more than 2.3mm as discriminatory level for synovial proliferation, the overall sensitivity of ultrasound was 94.23%,  and specificity was 87.23%. The positive predictive values of the ultrasound in patients with synovial hypertrophy  was 95.14%  and negative predictive value was calculated to be 92.67%. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was 89.12%. Conclusion: Duplex Doppler ultrasound can detect synovial hypertrophy  with sensitivity of approximately 94.23

Diagnostic Accuracy of Endovaginal Scan in Detection of Retained Products of Conception after Incomplete Abortion

Background : To determine diagnostic accuracy of Endo-vaginal Scan (EVS) in detection of retained products of conception (RPOC) in patients with incomplete abortion. Methods: In this prospective study 200 pregnant females, with gestational age <20 weeks and with persistent vaginal bleeding, diagnosed clinically with retained products of conception, were included. Endo-vaginal ultrasound scan pelvis was done in real time in axial and saggital planes. Imaging of the examination was directed towards evaluation of the uterus and any intrauterine contents. Endometrial thickness of >12mm on EVS was considered positive for diagnosis of RPOC which was later on confirmed with histopathology(HP) . Comparisons was then made between EVS and HP findings. Results: Mean age of selected patients was 30.8 years age ± 3.9 and mean gestational age 17.2 weeks ± 1.8 SD . Patients positive on EVS were 63.0% and patients positive on HP were 72.5%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were found to be 71.7%, 60.0%, 82.5%, 44.6% and 68.5% respectively. Conclusion: Endovaginal ultrasonography allows detection of RPOC with reasonable accuracy

Bilateral Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye caused by the failure of regression of primary vitreous with the abnormal persistence of hyaloid vasculature. Here we present a case of bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) which is a rare entity, in a 2 months old infant who presented in our department with history of bilateral microopthalmia and leukocoria. In this regard ultrasound doppler, CT scan and MRI findings of PHPV will be discussed. We suggest that this entity, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis while evaluating bilateral leukocoria.&nbsp

Factors Affecting Career Choices of Newly Admitted and Graduating Medical Students

To assess factors affecting career choices of newly admitted and graduating medical students .Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in four private medical colleges of Islamabad. Two hundred students of first and final year were selected for this study. Data was collected by using self-developed questionnaire after extensive literature review by the researchers. Questionnaire was pilot tested. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v. 16.0.Results: Study results indicated mean age 21.13 years (± 2.48), 101 (53.72%) males and 87 (46.28%) female. Majority (96.80%) were unmarried., 51.10% (96) MBBS first year and 48.90% (92) in final year students. Although medical specialties remain of overall highest preference of all medical students but male students preferred surgical specialty as first choice as compared to female students. Study results revealed that interest and motivation to help others were main factors to affect choice of a particular specialty. Students of both gender and years agreed with the influence from a mentor/teacher, however male students thought expected income (51) and good working atmosphere (74) are main factors affecting careers. Among social factors parent’s choice or wish, having doctor in the family and personal interest were highly associated with career choice (p-value less than 0.05).Conclusion: Factors affecting on career choice should be identified and managed timely