116 research outputs found

    « The spirits of valiant Shirley » : les traces de l’épopĂ©e persane des frĂšres Shirley dans l’Ɠuvre de Shakespeare

    Get PDF
    « A pension of thousands to be paid from the Sophy » et « They say he has been a fencer to the Sophy » (Twelfth Night, II.5.174 et III.4.271) : ces deux rĂ©fĂ©rences au « Sophy », le roi safavide de Perse, sont utilisĂ©es par les Ă©diteurs pour attribuer Ă  l’une des grandes comĂ©dies de Shakespeare une date de composition postĂ©rieure Ă  la publication en 1600-1601 des rĂ©cits du premier voyage des frĂšres Shirley en Perse. Au-delĂ  de ces deux rĂ©fĂ©rences cĂ©lĂšbres, cette communication cherche Ă  suivre dans l’Ɠuvre du dramaturge les traces de l’épopĂ©e persane de ces frĂšres, aventuriers et diplomates anglais qui, dans la premiĂšre dĂ©cennie du XVIIe siĂšcle, reprĂ©sentĂšrent tour Ă  tour la cour d’Angleterre en Perse, et le monarque persan auprĂšs de diffĂ©rentes cours europĂ©ennes. Les fastes et les fantasmes vĂ©hiculĂ©s par les ambassades successives de Sir Anthony et de Robert Shirley donnĂšrent lieu Ă  une abondante production littĂ©raire de propagande qui a laissĂ© de nombreuses traces dans les Ɠuvres dramatiques anglaises de cette pĂ©riode en gĂ©nĂ©ral, et dans les piĂšces de Shakespeare en particulier

    Muscovites and “Black-amours”: Alien Love Traders in Love’s Labour’s Lost

    Get PDF
    Noting the contradiction between the self-enclosed world of Navarre’s “little academe” and the play’s constant reminders of a proto-globalized, ethnically and racially mixed world around it, this article reflects on what alien figures and exotica contribute to the love symbolism of Love’s Labour’s Lost and the play’s overall reflection on identity and difference. Present everywhere like a return of the repressed, obsessions with and anxieties about the commodification of love weave a transactional pattern into the play, forcing the lovers to seek the terms for a “fair” trade by drawing lessons from the counter-example of the masque of the Muscovites.Partant de la contradiction entre la volontĂ© d’enfermement qui caractĂ©rise la « petite acadĂ©mie » de Navarre et les rappels constants du monde proto-globalisĂ©, ethniquement et racialement mĂȘlĂ© qui l’environne, cet article se concentre sur ce que les rĂ©fĂ©rences Ă©trangĂšres et exotiques apportent au symbolisme amoureux de Peines d’amour perdues et Ă  sa rĂ©flexion gĂ©nĂ©rale sur l’identitĂ© et la diffĂ©rence. Partout prĂ©sentes tel un retour du refoulĂ©, l’obsession et l’angoisse de la marchandisation de l’amour tissent un rĂ©seau dense de mĂ©taphores commerciales dans la piĂšce, forçant les amants Ă  chercher des modalitĂ©s Ă©quitables au « commerce de l’amour », en tirant les leçons du contre-exemple du masque des Moscovites

    Elsinore (2019) Video Game: An Interactive Experience in Reforming Gender Roles

    Get PDF
    This article focuses on Elsinore, a 2019 American video game undertaking to rewrite and reinvent Hamlet as a feminist and inclusive narrative by centring on the character of Ophelia. She is represented as a mixed-race, bisexual woman, whose task is to gather information and subtly influence the other characters’ actions to avert the tragic course of the Shakespearean script. Gender issues are thereby re-inscribed at the heart of the play’s original themes and narrative, as the player is invited to turn into an agent capable of redirecting the patriarchal action from the side to redefine both the plot and its gender norms. Through its redefinition of the audience’s role, Elsinore could thus not only re-inscribe the experiences of social minorities within the video game landscape, but also potentially educate players and encourage them to change the way they consume media, ultimately promoting more diversity and co-creativity in art.Cet article porte sur Elsinore, jeu vidĂ©o amĂ©ricain sorti en 2019, qui entreprend de rĂ©Ă©crire et de rĂ©inventer Hamlet comme rĂ©cit fĂ©ministe et inclusif, en donnant le premier rĂŽle au personnage d’OphĂ©lie. Elle y est reprĂ©sentĂ©e comme mĂ©tisse et bisexuelle, et la tĂąche que le jeu lui assigne est de recueillir des informations et d’influencer subtilement les actions des autres personnages pour Ă©viter le cours tragique du scĂ©nario shakespearien. Les questions de genre se trouvent ainsi rĂ©inscrites au cƓur des thĂšmes et de l’intrigue d’origine de la piĂšce, alors que le joueur est invitĂ© Ă  se transformer en agent capable de subvertir l’action patriarcale pour redĂ©finir Ă  la fois son cours et ses normes genrĂ©es. Par sa redĂ©finition du rĂŽle du public, Elsinore peut ainsi Ă©duquer les spectateurs et les inciter Ă  changer leur façon de consommer les mĂ©dias, favorisant de la sorte plus de diversitĂ© et de co-crĂ©ativitĂ© dans l’art

    IntroductionCaptain Cook after 250 Years: Re-exploring the Voyages of James Cook (avril 2020)

    No full text
    International audienc

    From Elders to Medlars in the Forest of Arden

    No full text
    International audienceAs You Like It is often considered a comedy of “re-membering,” with all the polysemy of this word and in accordance with the opening line of the play, “as I remember” (1.1.1). This chapter argues that nowhere better than in the running commentary of trees can we see this process of re-membering in action, providing the comedy with both a structure and an ideological stance, based not on opposition and elimination, but on cross-fertilization and mutuality. Sending city dwellers to the forest in this play does not amount to opposing nature and culture, but rather to making us see the forest as endowed with a culture of its own, getting natural cycles and human experience to constantly overlap

    « Persians now, as of old » : la monarchie perse revue et corrigée par les voyageurs élisabéthains

    No full text
    Si la Perse est restĂ©e longtemps Ă©loignĂ©e des circuits d’échanges commerciaux avec l’Angleterre, les premiers contacts diplomatiques, dans la seconde moitiĂ© du xvie siĂšcle, sont l’occasion d’un intĂ©rĂȘt nouveau, hĂ©sitant entre la « hantise du Turc » (on verra ci-aprĂšs que la confusion est grande entre les divers peuples orientaux...) et la fascination pour les richesses mythiques de la Perse. Pourtant, les rĂ©cits des diplomates tĂ©moignent surtout de la persistance du filtre textuel : l’Orient est « lu » plus que « vu », Ă©tant saisi Ă  travers la mĂ©diation des sources antiques et des textes bibliques, que le voyage doit se contenter de confirmer. MĂȘme quand le voyageur se fonde sur des dĂ©tails factuels, ceux-ci sont immĂ©diatement ramenĂ©s aux rĂ©fĂ©rences europĂ©ennes, et donc comparĂ©s et transposĂ©s plus qu’éprouvĂ©s pour eux-mĂȘmes. Pourtant, mĂȘme ces tentatives d’accommoder l’Orient aux critĂšres europĂ©ens butent sur la rĂ©sistance du fait religieux : mĂȘme humanisĂ©, le monarque persan continue d’appartenir aux « ennemis du Christ ». À travers toute tentative de connaissance, le stĂ©rĂ©otype perdure : l’Oriental reste par dĂ©finition l’infidĂšle

    “All flat maps, and I am one”: Cartographic References in the Poems of John Donne

    No full text
    Drawing both on the medieval Mappae mundi and the Ptolemaic tradition revived in the Renaissance, the recurrent cartographic motif in John Donne’s poetry well reflects the preoccupations of a revolutionary period in the history of Western cartography. Yet, for all its cosmic magnitude, Donne’s poems, both holy and secular, are turned, not so much towards an exploration of the world as towards an exploration of the Self as the ultimate object of reflection

    Patterning the Tatar Girl in George Puttenham’s The Art of English Poesie (1589)

    No full text
    International audienceThis chapter purports be a follow-up on Bernadette Andrea’s past and present investigations on the refracted literary presences of displaced girls and women from Islamic lands in early modern English texts, in a context which is one of globalized human and commodity traffics and turnings. The chapter takes as its starting point one such possibility of refracted presence for the person of the Tartar girl offered to Elizabeth I by Anthony Jenkinson, an agent of the Muscovy company engaged in the circuit of textile trade with the East. I first show how the Tatar’s girl’s presence and her connections to the textile trade networks can be inferred from the fictional oriental origin attributed by George Puttenham to pattern poetry in The Art of English Poesie (1589), a volume offered to the Queen in an act of self-promotion, just as the Tatar girl herself had been offered to her with a similar promotional agenda by the Muscovy Company. I explore how the Tatar and textile associations are reflected both in the shapes retained for Puttenham’s visual poems (including spindles) and the textile-connected puns implied in the nomenclature and origins chosen for his Tatar and Persian speakers. I move on to study how fusing an actually ancient literary form from the West with very contemporary and global concerns allow Puttenham to map an emerging global discourse of trade and conquest onto bodies that are both the ornate ones of his poems and the transcultural ones of the ladies he stages. I conclude that Puttenham’s literary composites invite us to take stock of the social lives of artistic forms and their accumulated meanings in a period in which culture was at times as globally intervowen as the patterns on the rich textiles that were traded internationally

    Des perles et des cimeterres : au bazar shakespearien des accessoires orientaux

    No full text
    International audience‘Christen it with thy dagger’s point’, bids the Nurse presenting the Moor Aaron with his bastard child in Titus Andronicus (IV.ii.70). Demetrius, also present onstage, offers his own ‘rapier’, and Aaron, taking the child, does indeed draw a ‘sword’ according to the stage direction. But in his answer, Aaron’s weapon stops being a dagger (an assassin’s weapon), a rapier (a courtier’s elegant weapon), or even a sword (a knight’s weapon): ‘He dies upon my scimitar’s sharp point / That touches this’ (IV.ii.90-91). Bridging a gap of more than ten centuries, the Roman plot of Titus Andronicus and the early modern one of The Merchant of Venice provide a shorthand for Moorishness and Moorish mores through their use of the same weapon, the exotic scimitar, present on the Peacham drawing and by which the Prince of Morocco swears his love to Portia (II.i.24). Scattered through the Shakespearean canon, where they are not necessarily used by non-European characters, orientally connoted goods, such as ‘orient’ pearls, weapons, silks and Tyrian tapestries become mediating agents for otherness, or ‘fetishes’ in the sense defined by Deanne Williams in her case study of a famous example among them, Richard II’s Barbary horse. Confronting Williams’ conclusions with other contemporary examples, both Shakespearean and non-Shakespearean, this paper purports to study the place and uses of oriental objects as a way of gaining a better understanding of the meanings and functions of ‘the Orient’ in the pre-Saidian, Ur-globalised world of London’s theatrical stages in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.« Baptise-le Ă  la pointe de ta dague », demande la servante qui prĂ©sente au Maure Aaron le fils bĂątard de ce dernier dans Titus Andronicus (IV.ii.70). Demetrius, Ă©galement prĂ©sent sur scĂšne, offre pour ce faire sa propre « rapiĂšre », et Aaron, prenant l’enfant, tire effectivement son « Ă©pĂ©e », d’aprĂšs l’indication scĂ©nique. Mais dans sa rĂ©plique, l’arme d’Aaron cesse d’ĂȘtre une dague (l’arme de l’assassin), et n’est ni une rapiĂšre (l’arme Ă©lĂ©gante du courtisan), ni mĂȘme une Ă©pĂ©e (l’arme du chevalier) : « Quiconque y touche, / PĂ©rira de la pointe acĂ©rĂ©e de mon cimeterre. » (IV.ii.90-91) Par-delĂ  les dix siĂšcles qui les sĂ©parent, l’intrigue romaine de Titus Andronicus et celle, plus contemporaine, de The Merchant of Venice rendent l’idĂ©e du Maure et de ses mƓurs au moyen d’un mĂȘme raccourci visuel, l’exotique cimeterre prĂ©sent sur le croquis de Peacham, et par lequel le soupirant marocain de Portia lui jure son amour (II.i.24). DissĂ©minĂ©s dans le canon shakespearien, oĂč leur usage n’est nullement limitĂ© aux personnages non-europĂ©ens, les accessoires Ă  connotation orientale, tels que les perles au bel « orient », les armes, les soieries et les tapisseries de Tyr deviennent des objets-relais au moyen desquels l’altĂ©ritĂ© s’exprime, autrement dit des « fĂ©tiches » au sens oĂč Deanne Williams emploie ce terme dans son Ă©tude du cas cĂ©lĂšbre de Richard II et de son pur-sang arabe, Barbary. Confrontant les conclusions de Williams Ă  une sĂ©rie d’exemples shakespeariens et non-shakespeariens, cette Ă©tude aborde la place accordĂ©e aux accessoires orientaux comme un moyen de mieux comprendre les sens et le rĂŽle de « l’Orient » sur la scĂšne, prĂ©-saidienne et mondialisĂ©e avant l’heure, des thĂ©Ăątres anglais de la fin du seiziĂšme siĂšcle et du dĂ©but du dix-septiĂšme siĂšcle

    The Lives of Girls and Women from the Islamic World in Early Modern British Literature and Culture by Bernadette Andrea

    No full text
    International audienceBernadette Andrea' s previous works, including Women and Islam in Early Modern English Literature (2007), had already established her as an authority in the fields of early modern feminism and orientalism. Her most recent book here confirms that position. Using the methodologies of micro-history, feminist studies, and postcolonialism, the book is organized around a number of case studies of gendered subalterns from Islamic lands who, with various degrees of volition, were displaced to England in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries
    • 

    corecore