Cervical cancer treatment costs and cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination in Vietnam: a PRIME modeling study.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in South Vietnam and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in North Vietnam. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has the potential to substantially decrease this burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination is conducted before nationwide introduction. METHODS: The Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modeling and Economics (PRIME) model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccine introduction. A costing study based on expert panel discussions, interviews and hospital case note reviews was conducted to explore the cost of cervical cancer care. RESULTS: The cost of cervical cancer treatment ranged from US$368 - 11400 depending on the type of hospital and treatment involved. Under Gavi-negotiated prices of US$4.55, HPV vaccination is likely to be very cost-effective with an incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted in the range US$780 - 1120. However, under list prices for Cervarix and Gardasil in Vietnam, the incremental cost per DALY averted for HPV vaccination can exceed US$8000. CONCLUSION: HPV vaccine introduction appears to be economically attractive only if Vietnam is able to procure the vaccine at Gavi prices. This highlights the importance of initiating a nationwide vaccination programme while such prices are still available

3D-BIM and 4D-BIM Models in Construction Safety Management

The application of modern technologies into on-site construction safety management has been proved that be successful. BIM technology which has been studied and developed for adopting widely in the construction industry is promised to bring significant improvements in construction safety management. The article reviewed the application of BIM in the management of construction safety, detailed for each safety work activity. Suggestions for selecting BIM tools in the management of construction safety are also listed. Lastly, the article poses some obstacles while applying BIM to construction safety management in Vietnam

Economic Dynamics with Renewable Resources and Pollution

This article considers a two-sector economy with externalities. In particular,the analysis involves an industrial sector whose production activities have negative effects on the regeneration of a natural resource in the other sector. Without the usual convexity or the super-modularity structure, we prove that the economy evolves to increase the \textit{net gain of stock}, and establish the conditions ensuring the convergence of the economy in the long run

THỰC TRẠNG NĂNG LỰC KIẾN THỨC CÁN BỘ ĐỊA CHÍNH CẤP XÃ TRONG QUẢN LÝ ĐẤT ĐAI TẠI HUYỆN A LƯỚI, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Cadastral officials play an important role in land management at the local level. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the knowledge capacity of cadastral officials in A Luoi district. We used secondary and primary data by interviewing 171 people, including cadastral officials, commune leaders, district level staff and households. In parallel, we used the 5-point Likert scale (from 1-5, corresponding to the level of competence of cadastral officials from very poor to very good) for analysis. The results show that the knowledge capacity of the cadastral officials is only average, with a score of 3.4. In particular, 4 out of a total of 4 knowledge capacities in law, procedures, time and authority implementation of cadastral officials in conciliation and land dispute resolution are at an average level. In contrast, 3 out of a total of 4 knowledge capacities in conditions for issuance of land use rights certificate, procedures, and authority implementation of cadastral officials in issuance of land use rights certificate are at a good level, and 1 knowledge capacity in law is at an average level. The research results highlighted reasons and proposed some solutions to improve the knowledge capacity of cadastral officials in the study area.Cán bộ địa chính (CBĐC) cấp xã là lực lượng nòng cốt trong công tác quản lý đất đai tại địa phương. Do vậy, nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá năng lực kiến thức của CBĐC cấp xã trong quản lý đất đai tại huyện A Lưới. Nghiên cứu sử dụng số liệu thứ cấp và sơ cấp thông qua phỏng vấn 171 người: cán bộ cấp huyện, lãnh đạo xã, CBĐC cấp xã, và người dân để phân tích. Đồng thời, sử dụng thang đo Likert 5 mức độ (từ 1–5, tương ứng rất chưa tốt – rất tốt) để đánh giá năng lực kiến thức. Kết quả cho thấy, năng lực kiến thức CBĐC chỉ ở mức trung bình với số điểm bình quân là 3,4. Trong đó, thủ tục hoà giải, giải quyết tranh chấp đất đai có 4/4 tiêu chí về năng lực kiến thức pháp luật; trình tự thủ tục; thời gian và thẩm quyền thực hiện của CBĐC đều ở mức độ trung bình. Trái lại, thủ tục đăng ký đất đai, cấp GCN, lập và quản lý HSĐC, 3 tiêu chí kiến thức về điều kiện; trình tự và thẩm quyền thực hiện ở mức tốt, 1 tiêu chí kiến thức pháp luật bị đánh giá ở mức trung bình. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra các nguyên nhân và đề xuất một số giải pháp góp phần nâng cao năng lực kiến thức của CBĐC cấp xã tại địa phương

A prospective multi-center observational study of children hospitalized with diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

We performed a prospective multicenter study to address the lack of data on the etiology, clinical and demographic features of hospitalized pediatric diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Over 2,000 (1,419 symptomatic and 609 non-diarrheal control) children were enrolled in three hospitals over a 1-year period in 2009-2010. Aiming to detect a panel of pathogens, we identified a known diarrheal pathogen in stool samples from 1,067/1,419 (75.2%) children with diarrhea and from 81/609 (13.3%) children without diarrhea. Rotavirus predominated in the symptomatic children (664/1,419; 46.8%), followed by norovirus (293/1,419; 20.6%). The bacterial pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella were cumulatively isolated from 204/1,419 (14.4%) diarrheal children and exhibited extensive antimicrobial resistance, most notably to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. We suggest renewed efforts in generation and implementation of policies to control the sale and prescription of antimicrobials to curb bacterial resistance and advise consideration of a subsidized rotavirus vaccination policy to limit the morbidity due to diarrheal disease in Vietnam

5-year inventory management of drug products using ABC-VEN analysis in the pharmacy store of a specialized public hospital in Vietnam

In developing economies, expenses of healthcare delivery have risen disproportionally to the monetary backing supplied by the federal government. However, issues relating to inventory control alongside regulating the pharmaceutical market have been recognized. We conducted a systematic categorization based on ABC and VEN analysis for available drugs at Can Tho Dermatological Hospital (CTDH) from 2016–2020, thereby making evidence-based recommendations for public authorities to attain rationality in monitoring the stock supply network. Results revealed that ratio of Category I with the highest cost and importance to the annual revenues was barely 88%. Meanwhile, fractions of Category II and III to the overall expenses were 5–10% and below 5%, respectively. Given scarce funds, it is crucial that Essential drugs be utilized effectively. Thanks to ABC-VEN integrated matrix, we uncovered medicines for which significant savings could be achieved. This method has proven to be a powerful tool in decision-making for importation and stockholding

5-year inventory management of drug products using ABC-VEN analysis in the pharmacy store of a specialized public hospital in Vietnam

In developing economies, expenses of healthcare delivery have risen disproportionally to the monetary backing supplied by the federal government. However, issues relating to inventory control alongside regulating the pharmaceutical market have been recognized. We conducted a systematic categorization based on ABC and VEN analysis for available drugs at Can Tho Dermatological Hospital (CTDH) from 2016–2020, thereby making evidence-based recommendations for public authorities to attain rationality in monitoring the stock supply network. Results revealed that ratio of Category I with the highest cost and importance to the annual revenues was barely 88%. Meanwhile, fractions of Category II and III to the overall expenses were 5–10% and below 5%, respectively. Given scarce funds, it is crucial that Essential drugs be utilized effectively. Thanks to ABC-VEN integrated matrix, we uncovered medicines for which significant savings could be achieved. This method has proven to be a powerful tool in decision-making for importation and stockholding

An Autoethnography of an EFL Teacher Stages of Development in Choices of the Best ELT Methodology

This paper attempted to share lived experiences in the teaching career of an EFL teacher in her choices of the best pedagogical methods to be applied in her class. The paper was done under the lens of autoethnography, which was believed to be the most appropriate measure to deal with writing genres such as experiences and narratives in one’s life. The result presented three important stages that an average EFL teacher might undergo. It is hoped that the paper could provide more insights into the teaching life and experiences of the typical EFL teacher and thus be beneficial to novice colleagues in perfecting their profession. Keywords: autoethnography, ETL methodology, EFL teachers, professional development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-21-01 Publication date:July 31st 202

Passion fruit peel pectin/chitosan based antibacterial films incorporated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles for wound healing application

Antimicrobial pectin/chitosan composite films have potential as wound dressing and food packaging. However, almost biofilms were synthesized through chemical routes, causing eco-unfriendliness, and negative impacts on the environment and human health. Green synthesis of composite films incorporating with biosynthesized AgNPs is therefore necessary to enhance mechanical and antimicrobial activities. This study focused on the influence of biosynthesized AgNPs on characteristics of passion fruit peel pectin/chitosan (P/CH) biofilms. Characterization, mechanical, antimicrobial activities of P/CH/AgNPs biofilms were evaluated. Incorporating AgNPs into P/CH-based films significantly exerted apparent color and optical properties of biofilms. As AgNPs concentration increased, P/CH/AgNPs biofilms had higher water content (20.1%), better water vapor permeability (1.28 × 10–9 g/mm h Pa), but lower mechanical, water solubility (43.98%), swelling (630.29 ± 11.79%) indexes. P/CH/AgNPs biofilms exhibited outstanding antibacterial properties against S. aureus, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia. As expected, in vivo results consolidated the evidence of excellent wound closure (100%) of P/CH/AgNPs biofilms after 15 days. Our findings recommend P/CH/AgNPs antibacterial biofilms have promising biomedical applications