What Makes for an Effective Commune Health Center?

This report, based on the main findings from a large-scale longitudinal study of rural health care in Viet Nam from 2008 to 2016, aims to develop the basic components of effective commune health center (CHC) models for different rural areas in Viet Nam.CHCs form the grassroots public health care system in rural Viet Nam, where two-thirds of the country's people live. The centers provide basic preventive care along with initial diagnoses, treatments and referrals to public hospitals.The report includes:A toolkit for assessing CHCs in different contexts identifying best practicesAn analysis of three models for the effective CHCPolicy recommendations aimed at developing major components of CHC model

RaBiT: An Efficient Transformer using Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network with Reverse Attention for Colon Polyp Segmentation

Automatic and accurate segmentation of colon polyps is essential for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Advanced deep learning models have shown promising results in polyp segmentation. However, they still have limitations in representing multi-scale features and generalization capability. To address these issues, this paper introduces RaBiT, an encoder-decoder model that incorporates a lightweight Transformer-based architecture in the encoder to model multiple-level global semantic relationships. The decoder consists of several bidirectional feature pyramid layers with reverse attention modules to better fuse feature maps at various levels and incrementally refine polyp boundaries. We also propose ideas to lighten the reverse attention module and make it more suitable for multi-class segmentation. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets show that our method outperforms existing methods across all datasets while maintaining low computational complexity. Moreover, our method demonstrates high generalization capability in cross-dataset experiments, even when the training and test sets have different characteristics

Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) on the Survival, Physiological, and Immunological Response of the Black Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) when Challenged with two Different Stressors

Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the resistance of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) to two different stressors, bacterial infection by Vibrio alginolyticus, and the environmental pollutant ammonia (NH3). Prawns were fed two different diets, 0% (control diet) and 0.15% MOS, for 8 weeks prior to exposure to the stressors. They were then tested for survival, physiological, and immunological parameters, as indicators of health status. When the two groups were exposed to NH3 and bacterial infection, survival of prawns fed the MOS diet was significantly higher (P<0.05) than prawns fed the control diet. Similarly, the wet hepatosomatic index (Hiw), dry hepatosomatic index (Hid), hepatopancreatic moisture content (HM), total hemocyte count (THC), and granular cell percentage (GC%), of the MOS fed prawns was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in prawns fed the control diet. Bacteremia of the MOS fed prawns was lower (P<0.05) than the control diet-fed prawns after bacterial infection. Findings demonstrated the potential of MOS to improve the survival, health status, and immunity of black tiger prawns when challenged with bacterial infection and NH3 exposure

Childhood Acute Poisoning at Haiphong Children\u27s Hospital: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

INTRODUCTION: Children are most often harmed by acute poisoning, which may cause disability or even death. This demonstrates the critical necessity for epidemiologic studies specific to each nation and area since they aid in developing plans for the prevention of acute poisoning. There are no data or outdated data on acute poisoning in children in Vietnam. This research would partly fill this existing gap and compare the trend with other places across the globe. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the 10-year period from 2012 to 2021 in Haiphong Children\u27s Hospital, Vietnam. RESULTS: There were 771 children hospitalized due to acute poisoning. Children in the 1-5-year-old group accounted for the highest rate, at 506 (65.6%). The mean age was 4.5 ± 4.1 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2/1. Nonpharmaceutical chemicals were the most common agent in 331 cases (42.9%), including cleaning products 63 (19.0%), rat poison 60 (18.1%), and petrol 42 (12.7%). Medications were the second most common agent in 290 cases (37.6%), mostly paracetamol 60 (20.7%) and sedatives 40 (13.8%). There were 633 (82.1%) children exposed to poisons unintentionally. CONCLUSION: Children between the ages of 1 and 5 are more likely to be exposed to harmful substances. The most common agents were nonpharmaceutical chemicals followed by pharmaceuticals. Most incidents were inadvertent. Finally, our research may provide insights that public health authorities might use to plan practical actions

Depth-dose distribution in potatoes with low-energy X-rays

Irradiation is known as a handful measure to inhibit potato sprouting, kill harmful bacteria, and increase preservation. The absorbed dose is one of the essential characteristics of the irradiation process. In this study, the depth-dose distributions in potatoes and polymethyl methacrylate were investigated under low-energy X-ray irradiation by using the Fricke dosimeter and Gafchromic film dosimeter. The dose rates required for the rays to penetrate in polymethyl methacrylate were compared with those in potatoes. Polymethyl methacrylate could be used as a phantom in measuring the depth dose delivered in potatoes. The difference in depth-dose distribution in potatoes between one-sided and double-sided irradiation was also investigated. The calculated dose uniformity ratio values are 5.8 and 1.9 for potatoes irradiating one-sided and double-sided

Applying calcium fluoride and silica particles: A solution to improve color homogeneity of pc-WLEDS

This article focuses on enhancing the lighting efficiency of pc-WLEDs, a new and advanced lighting solution that has received lots of attention. To adapt to the demand of modern lighting, the lighting performance of pc-WLEDs must be improved, especially the color homogeneity and luminous flux, two of the most important quality indicators of pc-WLEDs. Through experiments, this article proposes using the scattering enhancement particles (SEPs) such as CaF2 and SiO2 with yellow phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ in pc-WLEDs configuration. The pc-WLEDs model is created by using the LightTools program and set at 8500 K correlated color temperature, while the experimental results yielded from this simulation will be verified by Mie-scattering theory. The information from this article reveals the scattering coefficients of SEPs at 455 nm and 595 nm wavelengths. Moreover, it is confirmed that the employment of CaF2 is effective in promoting the color but may damage the luminous efficiency if the concentration is too high while the SEP material, SiO2, exhibits high luminous efficiency at all concentration

Comparison study on secrecy probability of AF-NOMA and AF-OMA networks

The strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) performance is examined in a new design of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) considered in this study. This system model employs Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying scheme to serve far users. In this scheme, a transmitter sends confidential signal to far users. It can be raised falling performance in the presence of an external eavesdropper in such NOMA system. With regard to orthogonal multiple access (OMA), performance of NOMA system model is compared. In particular, tradeoff the SPSC performance and transmit SNR is examined. In this study, the SPSC is evaluated as the secrecy metric to limit impacts of the practical passive eavesdropper in real scenario. It is confirmed that the secrecy performance of NOMA is significant lower than OMA due to related parameters characterization in NOMA, and it should be controlled by varying related coefficients. As main results, both of NOMA and OMA against to impact of eavesdropper is studied in terms of analytically result and numerically result

NOMA-assisted multiple access scheme for IoT deployment: Relay selection model and secrecy performance improvement

In this paper, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system containing a relay selection is studied as employing an emerging multiple access scheme, namely non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). This paper proposes a new scheme to consider secure performance, to be called relay selection NOMA (RS-NOMA). In particular, we consider metrics to evaluate secure performance in such an RS-NOMA system where a base station (master node in IoT) sends confidential messages to two main sensors (so-called NOMA users) under the influence of an external eavesdropper. In the proposed IoT scheme, both two NOMA sensors and an illegal sensor are served with different levels of allocated power at the base station. It is noticed that such RS-NOMA operates in two hop transmission of the relaying system. We formulate the closed-form expressions of secure outage probability (SOP) and the strictly positive secure capacity (SPSC) to examine the secrecy performance under controlling setting parameters such as transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the number of selected relays, channel gains, and threshold rates. The different performance is illustrated as performing comparisons between NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Finally, the advantage of NOMA in secure performance over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) is confirmed both analytically and numerically.Web of Science193art. no. 73

The impact of productivity on export transitions: revisited evidence from the Vietnamese manufacturing sectors

The effect of total factor productivity (TFP) on exports particularly interests policy-makers and economists, but empirical evidence is ambiguous. This paper uses the 6-wave panel data in 2010-2015 to investigate the impact of TFP on export transitions at the firm level. We distinguish different types of export transitions, namely start, stop, continuity, fluctuation, and striving, and different phases of export transition. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimation is applied to control for endogeneity and unobserved time-invariant specific components. The results reveal that (i) the effect of productivity on export (the self-selection hypothesis) is heterogeneous, depending on specific sectors and types and phases of export transitions; (ii) productivity growth does not necessarily result in positive effects on and lead to participation in types and phases of export transitions. Our results also reveal strong evidence of favourable sunk cost in long-run export striving in nearly all sectors, and unlike previous studies, empirical results show a negative effect of sunk cost in some manufacturing sectors. Policy-makers should create dynamic comparative advantages and favourable environments for new exporters, focus the relevant policies on productivity stimulus, and strengthen the likelihood of survival for the domestic firms in the competitive global markets