Copyright in Universities: An Exploratory Study from Vietnam

International law and the laws of most nations today acknowledge and safeguard the intellectual property rights of both organizations and individuals. This recognition serves to stimulate innovative and creative endeavors, facilitate the dissemination of scientific, technological, cultural, and artistic advancements, foster economic and societal development, and enhance the overall quality of life. Intellectual property assumes a critical role as a driving force behind innovation and creativity, fostering the growth of a nation's intellectual assets in terms of both quantity and value. This, in turn, contributes to bolstering creative capabilities and fostering a healthy competitive environment. Nevertheless, intellectual property rights violations are not uncommon, particularly in the context of higher education institutions in Vietnam. In this article, the authors employ qualitative research methods, following the "three-step test" outlined in the Berne Convention of 1971 for the protection of literary and artistic works, in conjunction with the stipulations of Vietnamese Intellectual Property Law. The results of this examination aid in the identification and location of infringements on the author's rights, such as inappropriate citation and plagiarism within university settings. Subsequently, the authors propose various solutions, which include legal adjustments, strategies for managing intellectual property, the establishment of cross-sectoral and inter-university networks, and the regulation of the responsibilities of scientific councils. These measures are intended to mitigate instances of intellectual property rights violations within Vietnamese universities in the present day. Keywords: Copyright, three-step test, intellectual property rights, infringement, universities… DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/137-02 Publication date:October 31st 202

メチオニンアデノシルトランスフェラーゼサブユニットMATIIβ によるS-adenosyl Methionine合成とヒストンメチル化の空間的制御

要約のみTohoku University五十嵐和彦課

Integrated optical multi-ion quantum logic

Practical and useful quantum information processing (QIP) requires significant improvements with respect to current systems, both in error rates of basic operations and in scale. Individual trapped-ion qubits' fundamental qualities are promising for long-term systems, but the optics involved in their precise control are a barrier to scaling. Planar-fabricated optics integrated within ion trap devices can make such systems simultaneously more robust and parallelizable, as suggested by previous work with single ions. Here we use scalable optics co-fabricated with a surface-electrode ion trap to achieve high-fidelity multi-ion quantum logic gates, often the limiting elements in building up the precise, large-scale entanglement essential to quantum computation. Light is efficiently delivered to a trap chip in a cryogenic environment via direct fibre coupling on multiple channels, eliminating the need for beam alignment into vacuum systems and cryostats and lending robustness to vibrations and beam pointing drifts. This allows us to perform ground-state laser cooling of ion motion, and to implement gates generating two-ion entangled states with fidelities $>99.3(2)\%$. This work demonstrates hardware that reduces noise and drifts in sensitive quantum logic, and simultaneously offers a route to practical parallelization for high-fidelity quantum processors. Similar devices may also find applications in neutral atom and ion-based quantum-sensing and timekeeping

Studies on the disinfection efficiency of hoa sen medical instrument sterilizing equipment at the general, obstetrics and paediatrics hospitals in TraVinh Province

This research aims to study on the disinfection efficiency of Hoa Sen medical instrument sterilizing equipment based on the application of ECA technology at General Hospital and Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospitals in Tra Vinh. Disinfection using ECA technology is a method that does not require the introduction of special oxidizing agents except of water and salt. ECA solution - Anolyte solution has very strong oxidants, which oxidize components such as protein, lipid, etc. (usually of the bacterial cell membrane) that make the cell membrane decomposed, reducing 77−93% of the respiratory ability of bacterial cells, weakening them and eventually being destroyed. Hoa Sen medical instrument sterilizing equipment has a similar construction form as a regular double washing table with two wash basins, wherein one sink with a faucet which produces purified water, while other one has a faucet that gives anolyte solution for sterilization. Both faucets are based on a touch support. At the bottom of the sink an anolyte solution production system was installed. Valorization of the disinfection ability of the Hoa Sen medical instrument sterilizing equipment was based on the determination of the number of microorganisms on the surface of the instrument before and after being soaked with an antiseptic washing table. Microbiological criteria are the number of aerobic bacteria, E. Coli and Coliforms. Analytical samples were quantified by culture method on agar plates. Analysis of total aerobic bacteria, E. Coli and Coliforms bacteria according to Vietnam Standard TCVN 4884:2015, TCVN 6846:2007 and TCVN 6848:2007, respectively. The results showed that bacterial removal efficiency was elevated with a novel Hoa Sen sterilizing equipment anolyte. In laboratory scale, E. Coli and Coliforms bacteria with a density of 105 CFU/mL were completely removed in 30 sec contact with an anolyte solution of 300 mg/L active chlorine concentration. In hospital scale, the removal efficiency of total aerobic bacteria on the surface of medical instruments after surgery was 99% for one minute disinfection time. For E. Coli and Coliforms bacteria, the results of the analysis were not detected in both cases before and after sterilization.

Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses

T cells play pivotal roles in shaping host immune responses in infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. The activation of T cells requires immune and growth factor-derived signals. However, alterations in nutrients and metabolic signals tune T cell responses by impinging upon T cell fates and immune functions. In this review, we summarize how key nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, and their sensors and transporters shape T cell responses. We also briefly discuss regulation of T cell responses by oxygen and energy sensing mechanisms

Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on transcript expression of pluripotent genes in bovine embryonic stem like cells

Leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) is very important for embryonic stem cell establishment. In this study, we investigated effects of Lif on transcript expression of pluripotent genes of bovine embryonic stem like cells in passage 1, passage 3 and passage 6. The results showed that Lif supplementation of medium could improve transcript expression of pluripotent gene including nanog, oct4, sox2 and c-myc. Three Lif concentrations were applied for cell culture medium. We found that pluripotent gene transcripts were highest expressed in 103 IU/ml Lif supplemented medium, especially nanog and oct4 transcript expression could be maintained until 6th passage . The transcript expression was decreased in 104 IU/ml Lif suppmented medium, suggesting that high concentration of Lif could inhibit pluripotent gene expression. Thus, 103 IU/ml Lif was the most efficient concentration to improve transcript expression of pluripotent genes. There was a relationship in nanog expression and c-myc and sox2 expression. C-myc and sox2 expression were up-regulated when nanog was down-regulated. We also accessed nanog or oct4 which were key factors for the maintenace of pluripotency and renewal of bovine embryonic stem like cell. The result demonstrated that nanog could be the key factor for pluripotency of bovine embryonic stem like cells.