Integrated teaching in primary schools: A systematic review of current practices, barriers, and future developments

Recent years have seen a rise in the use of integrated teaching in many nations across the globe due to the vital role it plays in the delivery of primary education programs that focus on the growth of students’ abilities. However, a comprehensive review of integrated classroom practices in elementary schools has yet to be conducted, making it difficult for interested readers to make education decisions about entering the sector or for established experts to keep up with the latest developments. To fill this gap, we performed a meta-analysis using the PRISMA procedure and a comprehensive literature search. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the study analyzed 24 publications on integrated teaching in primary school that appeared in Scopus and Google Scholar between 2014 and 2022. The study used text analysis and synthesis to highlight active nations, extracted keywords, drawing obstacles and challenges, and future research opportunities. The result reported 13 types of obstacles and challenges that need to be overcome in the long run. As such, five research directions were compiled based on prior publications, namely as teachers’ training program, integrated teaching materials, integrated teaching models, school policies and other interventions, and others. Interested readers, prospective researchers and policymakers could benefit from these findings by tackling existing issues or investigating recommended research directions

Advantages of the Vietnam Criminal Procedure Model in Criminal Case Settlement and Deficiencies that Must Be Improved in the Context of International Juridical Harmony

Completing the Vietnamese criminal procedure model in the direction of improvement and better protection of human rights is an essential requirement for Vietnamese criminal procedure law, particularly because countries are growing closer together, and Vietnam and other nations must deal with harmonising international criminal justice law. This article aims to analyze the advantages of the Vietnamese criminal procedure model, its deficiencies, and recommendations for improving the model in combining interrogation and litigation procedures to achieve conformity with international law. As a methodology, the author utilized data collection from documentation, law analysis writing, and comparative method to complete this article. This article demonstrates that the Vietnamese criminal procedural law reform will effectively safeguard human rights during procedures, particularly the accused’s right to a fair trial. To reach a more comprehensive procedural model in the current context of Vietnam, the article proposes reasonable solutions to improve Vietnamese criminal procedure law to ensure that the good values of the interrogation procedure model are preserved while incorporating the achievements of the litigation procedure model

Protection Of Children’s Rights From Violation In The Family: Status And Recommendations In Vietnam

Violating children’s rights within the family is a reality many Vietnamese children have to live with. Despite Vietnam having ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child and passing various legislation on children’s rights, family members violate many children\u27s rights. This article addresses their families\u27 violation of child rights under the purview of violence against children, child labour, and sexual abuse. The article shows the trends in violating these children’s rights by family members in Vietnam. The article further looks at various legislation that Vietnam has passed to tackle violence against children, child labour, and sexual abuse of children in Vietnam. Further, the article discusses how the legislation relates to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the article has discussed the possible causes of the violation of children’s rights by family members in Vietnam. Moreover, the article has suggested possible solutions to the problems associated with each violation discussed in the article. The findings of this article would come in handy to researchers, policymakers, and legislators as they pursue ways of dealing with cases of violation of the rights of children in Vietnam

Nitrite metabolism of several bacterial strains isolated from abattoir and swine wastewater after biogas treatment

In nitrogen treatment with biological methods, nitrite metabolism is an intermediate process that facilitates other processes involving different bacteria strains. In this study, we isolated two nitrite-oxidising bacteria strains from abattoir wastewater and wastewater from biogas tanks of an industrial pig farm in Ha Tinh province. The bacteria strains grow, develop, and metabolise nitrite at pH 6–8 and 30–37 °C. The samples with the nitrite concentration up to 750 mg·L–1 were oxidised within four days of incubation, and the nitrite metabolism rate was proportional to the concentration of nitrite tested. Under severe conditions (salinity up to 3% NaCl, a low dissolved oxygen level of 0.1 mg·L–1), the two isolated bacterial strains exhibited their effective growth and nitrite metabolism capacity. The results enrich the database of nitrite-oxidising bacteria and are prospective in wastewater treatment

Crystallography: Deep understanding the mechanism of -form nucleation in cooling crystallization of L-glutamic acid

The mechanism of heterogeneous β-form nucleation was investigated during the phase transformation of L-glutamic acid in the stirring cooling crystallization. In the present study, a new mechanism of heterogeneous β-form nucleation was explored, where the β-form nuclei was favorably crystallized on the (001) and (011) surfaces rather than the (111) surface of α-form crystal during the phase transformation. This result was confirmed via the molecular simulation, in which the functional groups of molecule on various surfaces of α-form crystal were different, so the degree of lattice matching (E) between the α-form substrate surfaces and β-form molecule aggregate was distinguished and ordered as (001) (011) (111), meaning that the nucleation of heterogeneous β-form was more facilitated on the (001) and (011) surfaces compared to that on the (111) surface of α-form crystal. Keywords. Crystallization, crystallography, polymorphism, nucleation, crystal growth

Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF and MODS assay for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is rarely confirmed due to the lack of effective diagnostic tools; only 10 to 15% of pediatric TB is smear positive due to paucibacillary samples and the difficulty of obtaining high-quality specimens from children. We evaluate here the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in comparison with the Micoroscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay for diagnosis of TB in children using samples stored during a previously reported evaluation of the MODS assay. METHODS: Ninety-six eligible children presenting with suspected TB were recruited consecutively at Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam between May to December 2008 and tested by Ziehl-Neelsen smear, MODS and Mycobacterial growth Indicator (MGIT, Becton Dickinson) culture. All samples sent by the treating clinician for testing were included in the analysis. An aliquot of processed sample deposit was stored at −20°C and tested in the present study by Xpert MTB/RIF test. 183 samples from 73 children were available for analysis by Xpert. Accuracy measures of MODS and Xpert were summarized. RESULTS: The sensitivity (%) in detecting children with a clinical diagnosis of TB for smear, MODS and Xpert were 37.9 [95% CI 25.5; 51.6], 51.7 [38.2; 65.0] and 50.0 [36.6; 63.4], respectively (per patient analysis). Xpert was significantly more sensitive than smear (P=0.046). Testing of additional samples did not increase case detection for MODS while testing of a second sputum sample by Xpert detected only two additional cases. The positive and negative predictive values (%) of Xpert were 100.0 [88.0; 100.0] and 34.1 [20.5; 49.9], respectively, while those of MODS were 96.8 [83.3; 99.9] and 33.3 [19.6; 49.5]. CONCLUSION: MODS culture and Xpert MTB/RIF test have similar sensitivities for the detection of pediatric TB. Xpert MTB RIF is able to detect tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance within two hours. MODS allows isolation of cultures for further drug susceptibility testing but requires approximately one week to become positive. Testing of multiple samples by xpert detected only two additional cases and the benefits must be considered against costs in each setting. Further research is required to evaluate the optimal integration of Xpert into pediatric testing algorithms

Polysaccharide extraction from Myxopyrum smilacifolium trunk and its antioxidant capacity

As a traditional medicinal plant in Vietnam, Myxopyrum smilacifolium has been used for a long history to treat cough, nervous disorders, numbness, rheumatism, and cephalalgia. Nevertheless, reports on the antioxidant activity and extraction of M. smilacifolium polysaccharides are still very rare. This study was designed to extract a high yield of polysaccharides from the M. smilacifolium trunk and characterize it. As a result, the maximum yield of the polysaccharides of 5.13 ± 0.05% was obtained with an extraction time of three hours, extraction temperature of 100 oC, the ratio of water to sample of 1:50 as extraction solution, extraction number of times 3, and the ratio of ethanol to extract volume 5:1 (v/v). Polysaccharides was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The average molecular weight of extracted polysaccharides was around 3.78 × 105 Da. In vitro assays dan impressive antioxidant activities of the extracted polysaccharides, containing 0.2423 ± 0.0028 mg GA/g or 0.2142 ± 0.0007 μmol AS/g. The IC50 values of polysaccharides in the DPPH and ABTS methods were 0.89 mg/mL and 3.85 mg/mL, respectively.  These findings exhibited the potential for application or further research and development of polysaccharides from Myxopyrum smilacifolium

Steroids from the blood cockle Anadara granosa

Using various chromatographic experiments, four sterols as 5α,8α-epidioxy-24(S)-ethylcholest-6-en-3β-ol (1), (22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-ethyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2), 7-oxocholesterol (3), and (22E)-3β-hydroxycholesta-5,22-dien-7-one (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the blood cockle Anadara granosa. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR experiments in comparison with reported data. This is the first report of these compounds from A. granosa

Helicobacter pylori-Negative Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in a Girl

Introduction: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) arises in a number of epithelial tissues, including the stomach, salivary gland, lung, small bowel, thyroid, ocular adnexa, skin, and elsewhere. It has also been called low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). MALT lymphoma predominantly occurs in adults and is rare in children. Case Presentation: We report a case of MALT lymphoma involving the stomach, which is the most common subtype, in a 12-year-old girl. Initially, the patient relapsed after antibiotic therapy but achieved successful treatment subsequently through irradiation. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy should be given to all patients with gastric MZL, irrespective of stage. In patients who do not respond to antibiotic therapy, treatment options such as irradiation and systemic cancer therapies should be considered, depending on the disease stage

Multiple Wolbachia strains provide comparative levels of protection against dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti.

The insect bacterium Wolbachia pipientis is being introgressed into Aedes aegypti populations as an intervention against the transmission of medically important arboviruses. Here we compare Ae. aegypti mosquitoes infected with wMelCS or wAlbB to the widely used wMel Wolbachia strain on an Australian nuclear genetic background for their susceptibility to infection by dengue virus (DENV) genotypes spanning all four serotypes. All Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were more resistant to intrathoracic DENV challenge than their wildtype counterparts. Blocking of DENV replication was greatest by wMelCS. Conversely, wAlbB-infected mosquitoes were more susceptible to whole body infection than wMel and wMelCS. We extended these findings via mosquito oral feeding experiments, using viremic blood from 36 acute, hospitalised dengue cases in Vietnam, additionally including wMel and wildtype mosquitoes on a Vietnamese nuclear genetic background. As above, wAlbB was less effective at blocking DENV replication in the abdomen compared to wMel and wMelCS. The transmission potential of all Wolbachia-infected mosquito lines (measured by the presence/absence of infectious DENV in mosquito saliva) after 14 days, was significantly reduced compared to their wildtype counterparts, and lowest for wMelCS and wAlbB. These data support the use of wAlbB and wMelCS strains for introgression field trials and the biocontrol of DENV transmission. Furthermore, despite observing significant differences in transmission potential between wildtype mosquitoes from Australia and Vietnam, no difference was observed between wMel-infected mosquitoes from each background suggesting that Wolbachia may override any underlying variation in DENV transmission potential