The Evaluation of Pelvic Cross Syndrome in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Objective: The purpose of this study was the investigation of relationship between muscle imbalance syndrome in the lumbo-pelvic area (Pelvic Cross Syndrome) which includes the combination of weakness of phasic muscles and tightness of postural muscles, lordosis and chronic low back pain. Materials & Methods: This study was a comparative - cross-sectional and case – control research. A convenience sample of 600 subjects participated in this study. The size of lordosis, strength of abdominal and gluteal muscles and the extensibility of iliopsoas and back extensor muscles were measured in each group. The best cut-off values obtained from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to categorize subjects as having weak or tight muscles in accordance with the assumptions. The lumbar lordosis in subjects with and without patterns of muscle impairments, and the association between lordosis and low back pain was assessed. Data were analyzed by using statistical methods such as: ICC, Kolmogroff – Smirnoff, Independent T test and ANOVA. Results: The Findings of this study showed no significant difference in the degree of lordosis in subjects with and without patterns of muscle impairment in pelvic cross syndrome (P=0.38) and no significant difference in the lordosis between subjects with and without low back pain among those with specific patterns of muscle impairment in pelvic cross syndrome (P=0.62). Data also showed no significant association between degree of lordosis and low back pain (P=0.25). Conclusion: The findings of this study did not support the Pelvic Cross Syndrome theory, which indicates certain patterns of muscle impairment would lead to exaggerated LL and LBP. Our data show a relationship between muscle impairment and occurrence of LBP, but probably not via changing the degree of lumbar lordosis as it has been proposed in PCS theory

The Effect of Local Fatigue Induced at Proximal and Distal Muscles of Lower Extremity in Sagittal Plane on Visual Dependency in Quiet Standing Postural Stability of Healthy Young Females

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of local muscle fatigue induced at proximal and distal segments of lower extremity on sagittal plane mover on visual dependency in quiet standing postural stability. Materials & Methods: In this Quasi–experimental study (before – after comparison) sagittal plane prime movers of the ankle and hip musculature were fatigued using isokinetic contractions at two test sessions with a randomized order and one week interval. Twenty five healthy young female students were َselected by using non probability selection and sample of convenience and asked to maintain single leg upright posture as immobile as possible. RMS and SD of Center of Pressure displacements were assessed in 30 seconds and consequently, the eyes were closed after 15 seconds. A analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to analyze the effect of the following factors over two periods of 5 seconds immediately before and after eye closure: (1) fatigue, (2) vision, (3) segment of fatigue. Results: The main effects of each within-subject factors (fatigue, vision and segment of fatigue) were significant (P<0.05). The analysis of RMS and SD of Center of Pressure demonstrated a significant interaction between fatigue and vision, and fatigue and segment of fatigue so that the effects of Fatigue on Proximal segment and eye closed conditions were increased. Conclusion: The visual dependency for control of postural stability incremented following muscle fatigue. Proximal muscle fatigue lead to exaggeration of visual dependency for control of postural stability. Based on the present results, emphasis on the proprioception of proximal segment of lower extremity may be recommended for postural stability training

Translation and Adaptation of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in to Persian and Testing Persian Version Reliability Among Iranians with Osteoarthritis

Objective: To achieve a reliable tool for measuring health related quality of life among Iranians with knee osteoarthritis, by translating and culturally adapting the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS) to Persian and testing the reliability and internal consistency of the Iranian version. Materials & Methods: It was a non experimental methodology study. KOOS was translated and adapted culturally to Persian language and culture in three phases with respect to IQOLA project. For examining test-retest reliability Iranians version of KOOS was corresponded twice with in at least two days or at most one week interval, by 30 Iranian people with knee OA whom were referred to Municipality and 110 physiotherapy clinics of Tehran with PT order by physicians. It was a non experimental methodological research and we used sample of convenience and non probability design for sampling. Psychometric evaluation: the collected data from the questionnaires was rated and analyzed with SPSS software from the aspects of test-retest reliability, absolute reliability, subscale and item internal consistency. Results: Internal consistency which was calculated by Cronbach '&alpha was high for all the subscales (at least 0.76), except for "symptom" subscale which was moderate, and showed that items of each subscale measured the same construct. Item internal consistency after correction for overlap, was higher than optimal value (0.4), except for the items of" symptom" subscale , which demonstrated good item internal consistency. SEM and ICC which were used for evaluating the absolute and test-retest reliability in respect showed that all the subscales had good test-retest reliability (0.7) and the absolute reliability was also very good in such away that the highest calculated SEM for Persian version was 7.44 which was less than Minimal Perceptible Clinical Improvement (MPCI) that is estimated 8 to 10 for the KOOS questionnaire. Conclusion: With the Persian version of the Knee Injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) a multidimensional instrument is available now to measure health status as well as therapeutic effects in patients with knee OA. Modifying the subscale “symptom” could further optimize this questionnaire in patients with advanced knee OA

Diseño y explicación del Modelo de Productividad Cuántica en el Ministerio de Deportes y Juventud de la República Islámica de Irán

This study aimed to design a quantum productivity model in the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth. The sample was composed of mana-gers and staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the first part of the study, 14 people were interviewed through thematic analysis method. In the second part, 188 people completed the questionnaire. The research instruments were an interview and a question-naire of quantum productivity elaborated ad hoc. Data analysis was perfor-med with WarpPLS software. After analyzing the content network, coding and screening, 8 main components of quantum productivity were finally extracted. The prediction power of the designed model was analyzed using the coefficient of determination (R2) for the dependent variables, and it was concluded that the structural model of the present study has sufficient predictive power. Considering these results, it is recommended the use of this quantum productivity model in sports organizations.Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar un modelo de productividad cuántica en el Ministerio de Deporte y Juventud de Irán. La muestra estuvo compuesta por gerentes y personal del Ministerio de Deportes y Juventud de la República Islámica de Irán. En la primera parte del estudio, 14 personas fueron entrevistadas a través del método de análisis temático. En la segunda parte, 188 personas completaron el cuestionario. Los instrumentos de investigación fueron una entrevista y un cuestionario de productividad cuántica elaborado ad hoc. El análisis de los datos fue realizado con el software WarpPLS. Después de analizar la red de contenido, la codificación y screening, finalmente se extrajeron 8 componentes principales de productividad cuántica. El poder de predicción del modelo diseñado se analizó utilizando el coeficiente de determinación (R2) para las variables dependientes, y se concluyó que el modelo estructural del presente estudio tiene suficiente poder predictivo. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, se recomienda el uso de este modelo de productividad cuántica en organizaciones deportivas

Developmental screening of 4–60 Months Children in Tehran City using Denver Developmental Screening Test II and Ages and Stages Questionnaires

Objective: This research was designed to evaluate the developmental status of children aged 4–60 months in Tehran city by two developmental screening tests, Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) and also to determine the consistency coefficient between these two tests. Materials & Methods: In this cross–sectional study, DDST II and ASQ were performed on 197 children (104 boys, 93 girls), aged 4–60 months (Mean=23.5 months), at four health centers in Tehran city. Evaluation of 15% of children was repeated by Developmental Pediatricians who were blinded to the screening results.  Results: Developmental disorders were observed in 37% and 18% of children who were examined by DDST II and ASQ tests, respectively. Considering those children who were healthy but their parents were concerned about their developmental status, these figures changed to 38% and 43%, respectively. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST II and ASQ was 0.21 which is weak (P=0.002) (for gross motor 0.24, language 0.18, personal-social 0.06 and fine motor 0.05). The consistency coefficient between the physicians’ examination with DDST II and ASQ were 0.17 (P=0.099) and 0.47 (P=0.003), respectively. Conclusion: A weak consistency coefficient was found between DDST II and ASQ tests. Therefore, the results of these two screening tools should be compared with a developmental diagnostic test in order to choose an appropriate screening tool