Employment Opportunities and Experiences among Recent Master’s-Level Global Health Graduates

Objectives: To examine the job search, employment experiences, and job availability of recent global health-focused master’s level graduates. Methods: An online survey was conducted from October to December 2016 based out of Washington, DC. The study sample includes students graduating with master’s degrees in global health, public health with a global health concentration or global medicine from eight U.S. universities. Results: Out of 256 potential respondents, 152 (59%) completed the survey, with 102/152 (67%) employed. Of unemployed graduates, 38% were currently in another educational training program. Out of 91 employed respondents, 62 (68%) reported they had limitations or gaps in their academic training. The average salary of those employed was between $40,000 and$59,000 annually. The majority of respondents reported they currently work in North America (83.5%.); however, only 31% reported the desire to work in North America following graduation. Conclusions: Discrepancies exist between graduates’ expectations of employment in global public health and the eventual job market. Communication between universities, students and employers may assist in curriculum development and job satisfaction for the global public health workforce

Epidemiology and economic loss of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Arak, Iran

Aim: Fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis are important parasitic diseases worldwide, causing significant financial losses due to decrease in production and viscera condemnation in animals. We performed the current research to assess the epidemiology of these infections and determine their significance from an economic perspective in Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, we evaluated 118,463 sheep, 207,652 goats, and 43,675 cattle through necropsic analysis at the slaughterhouses. The average weight of sheep, goat, and cattle liver was 1000, 900, and 5000 g, respectively. The average price of liver in the market was 8 USD/kg. Moreover, the elimination of fundamental nutrients and vitamins was evaluated in infected livers. The prevalence of fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was determined. Analysis of variance test was applied for the statistical analysis, and the significance level was <0.05. Results: In total, Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were detected in 0.56% (confidence interval CI, 0.54-0.59) and 0.77% (CI, 0.75-0.81) of the animals, respectively (p=0.1). The annual economic loss attributed to fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis was 26698.4 and 30479.2 USD, respectively. The total economic loss was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars in sheep, cattle, and goats, respectively. On the other hand, financial loss resulting from fasciolosis was 7160, 6098.4, and 13,440 dollars in sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. In addition, economic loss due to dicroceliasis was 10,880, 9079.2, and 10,520 dollars, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in Iran always remain common in sheep, goats, and cattle that afford major economic loss of all the country also exist in Arak province. The present study could provide basic information for further examination of liver fluke infections in Iran

Linguistic translation of psychological assessment tools: a case study of the MMPI-2

This article examines the effect of cultural differences on translation accuracy outcomes for the translation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (S. R. Hathaway & J. C. McKinley, 1940) into Farsi for use in Iran

Motivation in tobacco use cessation research

This paper summarizes four major conceptions of motivation that have been applied to cigarette smoking cessation. These conceptions are the direction-energy, transtheoretical, intrinsic/extrinsic, and self-regulation models. Constituents of each of these models are suggested. Implications of these theories of motivation for an integrative model of smoking cessation are discussed

Cardiovascular reactivity and smoking in coronary prone (type a) and non-coronary prone (type b) subjects

Twenty-nine Type A subjects, (> 75 percentile on the Jenkins Activity Survey) and 28 Type B's (< 25 percentile of Jenkins) were asked to smoke 1 cigarette (1.0 mg nicotine, 16 mg tar, 14 mg CO) using a standardized smoking procedure. The results showed that both Type A and B subjects experienced significant smoking induced changes in heart rate, skin temperature and pulse transit time. An analysis of covariance also revealed that the Type A subjects exhibited greater heart rate reactivity due to smoking than their type B counter parts. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of cardiovascular reactivity in the mediation of the subjective and behavioral effects of smoking in the type A individual

Cross-Cultural Applications of the MMPI-2

Traditionally, the study of cultural influences on personality and psychopathology has been relegated to different subareas of anthropology. With the exception of a few renegade scientists and clinicians, psychologists and psychiatrists have begun only recently to think seriously about cultural influences on personality and psychopathology. This is partly because of demographic trends that guarantee increasing exposure to and contact with immigrant and ethnic minority populations (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992) and partly because of advances in technology that facilitate international communication. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of examining personality and psychopathology across cultural and ethnic groups and the advantages to using objective personality instruments in such examinations; we review methodological problems that arise when adapting such instruments for international use; and we present technical solutions that address problems to such examinations. Finally, we present the MMPI-2 as a useful tool for assessing personality and psychopathology in different cultural and ethnic groups and discuss instruments for which most of the methodological problems have already been resolved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved

Career opportunities in global health: A snapshot of the current employment landscape

The demand for global health opportunities over the past decade has fueled a brisk increase in the number of global health training programs, yet the employment opportunities for graduates of such programs remain poorly understood. This pilot survey presents the characteristics of 178 global health employment opportunities available during two specific periods in 2014

Career opportunities in global health: A snapshot of the current employment landscape

The demand for global health opportunities over the past decade has fueled a brisk increase in the number of global health training programs, yet the employment opportunities for graduates of such programs remain poorly understood. This pilot survey presents the characteristics of 178 global health employment opportunities available during two specific periods in 2014

A Cultural Psychology Approach to "Drug Abuse" Prevention

Much research on the etiology of adolescent drug use has focused on posited risk & protective factors at the level of the individual or small group. However, those proximal influences exist within a cultural context that also influences drug use. To prevent drug use in the diverse population of the US, research is needed on the influence of the cultural context on adolescent drug use, including the effects of immigrating from one cultural or sociodemographic context to another, as well as the effects of living within two different cultural systems simultaneously. Theoretical models & research methods from cultural psychology & cultural sociology are well-suited to examine the cultural context of drug use. We examine causal mechanisms by which acculturation might affect drug use by using two paradigms to conceptualize culture: a stress/coping paradigm & a cultural values paradigm. Implications of cultural risk & protective factors for transdisciplinary research on drug abuse prevention are also discussed. 1 Table, 4 Figures, 123 References. Adapted from the source document