Nature and origin of fluids in granulite facies metamorphism

The various models for the nature and origin of fluids in granulite facies metamorphism were summarized. Field and petrologic evidence exists for both fluid-absent and fluid-present deep crustal metamorphism. The South Indian granulite province is often cited as a fluid-rich example. The fluids must have been low in H2O and thus high in CO2. Deep crustal and subcrustal sources of CO2 are as yet unproven possibilities. There is much recent discussion of the possible ways in which deep crustal melts and fluids could have interacted in granulite metamorphism. Possible explanations for the characteristically low activity of H2O associated with granulite terranes were discussed. Granulites of the Adirondacks, New York, show evidence for vapor-absent conditions, and thus appear different from those of South India, for which CO2 streaming was proposed. Several features, such as the presence of high-density CO2 fluid inclusions, that may be misleading as evidence for CO2-saturated conditions during metamorphism, were discussed

Radar scatterometer data analysis - Sea state. NASA/MSC Mission 20 and Mission 34

Analysis of sea state radar scatterometer data from NASA/MSC missions 20 and 3

Atmospheric densities from Explorer 17 density gauges and a comparison with satellite drag data

Atmospheric density data from Explorer XVII GAUGES and satellite drag dat

The Harold C. Ernst Collection of Portable Sundials

A catalog of sundials from the Harold C. Ernst Collection of Portable Sundials, and a handy reference book on the subject of portable sundials. The sundial is the most ancient scientific instrument to come down to us unchanged. As such it is deserving of a better position in life than that of an ornament. It has played a vital part in the life of man for many thousands of years, and even today it serves us well where the mechanical watch fails. The authors particularly draw attention to the system of classifying, labeling, and cataloging sundials, described in Chapter II. This is the first attempt to bring order out of confusion in sundials

Accessing emergency rest centres in the UK - lesson learnt

Emergency rest centres (ERC) are premises that are used for the temporary accommodation of evacuees during an emergency situation. They form an important part of emergency response, by providing a focal point for receiving people and providing food, shelter, information and support. The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 creates a legislative right for ‘reasonable’ access to goods and services for disabled people. This legislation does not differentiate between emergency and non emergency situations which means that those with a responsibility for emergency planning need to consider the accessibility of ERCs. This article examines ERC provision and reviews access for disabled people. It focuses on a study of three ERCs that were established in different local authority areas within the Yorkshire and Humber region in the UK during a flooding event on 25th June 2007. While uncovering many instances of good practise, the results from the research also identified a number of lessons to be learnt, in particular it was noted that the main barriers to access were encountered with: • Facilities and elements that did not comprise part of the buildings normal operation, such as the provision of bedding, medical assistance and effective communication; and • Facilities that would not normally be expected to be used to the extent, or duration, whilst the emergency rest centre was in operation, such as the provision of adequate welfare facilities. The research also noted that Civil Protection Legislation within the UK contains limited instruction or guidance to those with responsibility for Emergency Rest Centre provision. This provides little impetus for Emergency Planners to consider the needs of disabled people. This research has broad implications for local authorities and national government representatives. It identifies a need for those with responsibility for emergency planning and response to strengthen their knowledge of disabled people, and to adopt a more holistic approach to the provision of emergency planning and response

From Microscales to Macroscales in 3D: Selfconsistent Equation of State for Supernova and Neutron Star Models

First results from a fully self-consistent, temperature-dependent equation of state that spans the whole density range of neutron stars and supernova cores are presented. The equation of state (EoS) is calculated using a mean-field Hartree-Fock method in three dimensions (3D). The nuclear interaction is represented by the phenomenological Skyrme model in this work, but the EoS can be obtained in our framework for any suitable form of the nucleon-nucleon effective interaction. The scheme we employ naturally allows effects such as (i) neutron drip, which results in an external neutron gas, (ii) the variety of exotic nuclear shapes expected for extremely neutron heavy nuclei, and (iii) the subsequent dissolution of these nuclei into nuclear matter. In this way, the equation of state is calculated across phase transitions without recourse to interpolation techniques between density regimes described by different physical models. EoS tables are calculated in the wide range of densities, temperature and proton/neutron ratios on the ORNL NCCS XT3, using up to 2000 processors simultaneously.Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures. Published in conference proceedings Journal of Physics: Conference Series 46 (2006) 408. Extended version to be submitted to Phys. Rev.

Deconstructing triplet nucleon-nucleon scattering

Nucleon-nucleon scattering in spin-triplet channels is analysed within an effective field theory where one-pion exchange is treated nonperturbatively. Justifying this requires the identification of an additional low-energy scale in the strength of that potential. Short-range interactions are organised according to the resulting power counting, in which the leading term is promoted to significantly lower order than in the usual perturbative counting. In each channel there is a critical momentum above which the waves probe the singular core of the tensor potential and the new counting is necessary. When the effects of one- and two-pion exchange have been removed using a distorted-wave Born approximation, the residual scattering in waves with L<=2 is well described by the first three terms in the new counting. In contrast, the scattering in waves with L>=3 is consistent with the perturbative counting, at least for energies up to 300 MeV. This pattern is in agreement with estimates of the critical momenta in these channels.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, 8 figures, minor clarifications adde