569 research outputs found
Annotation of mathematical formulas in PDF documents
This article provides an overview of existing solutions for semantic analysis of mathematical documents, and also presents a method for automatic semantic analysis of documents in PDF format. This method searches for local variables in the text of the article, extracts their definitions and connects concepts with formulas. The advantage of the method over the existing ones is independence from the markup of theoriginal PDF document, which expands the scope of the method. We provide estimates of recall, precision and Fmeasure for algorithms for finding variables and linking local variables with formulas. The resulting semantic markup of the document will be used to create a collection of documents suitable for the semantic formula search service, which is part of the set of services of the Lobachevskii-DML digitalpublishing system
Impact of Shadow Economy on Quality of Life: Indicators and Model Selection
AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the effect of shadow economy on the level and quality of life. It was supposed that shadow economy effects positively on the level of life (as shadow income increased total revenues). But it can impact negatively on the quality of life. The relationship between growth of life level and quality of life depends from the level of the shadow economy. Some of studies demonstrate the link of shadow economy with the separate quality of life indicators. However, in that cases, the quality of life is the casual variable, witch changes leads to the changes in the latent variable (the shadow economy). Our task is to determine the reverse effect - the shadow economy on the quality of life. At the initial stage of our analysis, the original sample of 150 countries was divided into 5 groups, according to the shadow economy size. Than the average values of each indicator for each cluster was calculated. Next, the determination a regression equation for each cluster and for general sample was done. For this purpose we use averages for each indicator for the period of 1999-2007. As a result of regression analysis, we found that «life expectancy at birth» and «Children in-school rate» are significant for each cluster and for the whole sample. The level of life increases according to the shadow economy's growth. In the same time, life quality indicators which reflects a long and healthy life and access to knowledge - decreases. The regression coefficient increases with the growth of the shadow economy. Our results demonstrate the correctness of the hypothesis about interrelationship between shadow economy and life quality
Ontology: A Linked Data Hub for Mathematics
In this paper, we present an ontology of mathematical knowledge concepts that
covers a wide range of the fields of mathematics and introduces a balanced
representation between comprehensive and sensible models. We demonstrate the
applications of this representation in information extraction, semantic search,
and education. We argue that the ontology can be a core of future integration
of math-aware data sets in the Web of Data and, therefore, provide mappings
onto relevant datasets, such as DBpedia and ScienceWISE.Comment: 15 pages, 6 images, 1 table, Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic
Web - 5th International Conferenc
Three-dimensional light bullets in a Bragg medium with carbon nanotubes
We present a theoretical study of the propagation of three-dimensional
extremely short electromagnetic pulses (a.k.a. light bullets) through a Bragg
medium containing an immersed array of carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate the
possible stable propagation of such light bullets. In particular, our results
suggest these light bullets can carry information about the Bragg medium
itself.Comment: To appear in Appl. Phys.
Applied Problems of Functional Homonymy Resolution for Russian Language
Applied problems of functional homonymy resolution for Russian language are investigated in the work.
The results obtained while using the method of functional homonymy resolution based on contextual rules are
presented. Structural characteristics of minimal contextual rules for different types of functional homonymy are
researched. Particular attention is paid to studying the control structure of the rules, which allows for the
homonymy resolution accuracy not less than 95%. The contextual rules constructed have been realized in the
system of technical text analysis
Smoking and COPD: Endothelium-Related and Neuro-mediated Emphysema Mechanisms
This chapter describes endothelium-related and neuro-mediated mechanisms of emphysema development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking on the basis of previously completed studies, literature data, and own researches. As components of neurogenic inflammation in the processes of tissue remodeling in emphysema, we describe the distribution and activity of the substance P, neurokinin-1 and its receptor, tissue metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the lungs during the entire experimental period, the modeling of COPD in rats with a smoking model. We also analyzed the content of neurokinin system markers, the localization, and markers of tissue metalloproteinases in human lung tissue structures. We have confidence that there is a special morphofunctional continuum of development of lower respiratory tract remodeling in response to chronic exposure to tobacco smoke and the development of inflammation in COPD. New data suggest that imbalance of neuro-mediated interactions, alteration of vasomotoric signaling mechanisms, secretion, mucociliary clearance, cytoprotection involving substance P-dependent components with impaired content, and development of dystopia of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors are involved in the initiation of morphological restructuring. Research in this direction should be continued to allow approaches to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for emphysema
An Approach to New Ontologies Development: Main Ideas and Simulation Results
In the paper we consider the technology of new domain's ontologies development. We discuss
main principles of ontology development, automatic methods of terms extraction from the domain texts and
types of ontology relations
OntoMath 2.0 Ontology: Updates of the Formal Model
This paper is devoted to the problems of ontology-based mathematical
knowledge management and representation. The main attention is paid to the
development of a formal model for the representation of mathematical statements
in the Open Linked Data cloud. The proposed model is intended for applications
that extract mathematical facts from natural language mathematical texts and
represent these facts as Linked Open Data. The model is used in development of
a new version of the OntoMath ontology of professional
mathematics is described. OntoMath underlies a semantic
publishing platform, that takes as an input a collection of mathematical papers
in LaTeX format and builds their ontology-based Linked Open Data
representation. The semantic publishing platform, in turn, is a central
component of OntoMath digital ecosystem, an ecosystem of ontologies, text
analytics tools, and applications for mathematical knowledge management,
including semantic search for mathematical formulas and a recommender system
for mathematical papers. According to the new model, the ontology is organized
into three layers: a foundational ontology layer, a domain ontology layer and a
linguistic layer. The domain ontology layer contains language-independent math
concepts. The linguistic layer provides linguistic grounding for these
concepts, and the foundation ontology layer provides them with meta-ontological
annotations. The concepts are organized in two main hierarchies: the hierarchy
of objects and the hierarchy of reified relationships
Smoking, Respiratory Diseases and Endothelial Dysfunction
Vascular endothelium actively participates in inflammatory reactions in the majority of chronic respiratory diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for bronchopulmonary diseases, and it plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction development. Some experiments prove that aggressive pollutants of tobacco smoke (benzopyrene, peroxynitrite, acrolein, cyanides, peroxides, etc.) can cause direct damage to endothelial cells due to expression of adhesion molecules on their surface and intensification of lipid peroxidation. In turn, oxidized lipoproteins in the tunica intima of the vessel work as attractants for chemotaxis of leukocytes and monocytes that start to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in big amounts. These processes trigger systemic inflammatory response that leads to irreversible thickening of the vessel walls and deterioration of their mechanical properties. Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke and the products of combustion of tobacco leads to chronic system inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and morpho-functional damage of target organs. Nowadays, the connection between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been well established. Studying the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in brain blood vessels of patients with smoking habits and COPD can be very important for preventing acute vascular events
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