Electricity interconnection and trade between Norway and Russia

Source at: https://arcticreview.no/index.php/arctic/article/view/1045Anticipated industrial growth in northern Norway, particularly of energy intensive industries such as hydrocarbons and mining, will inevitably result in increased electricity consumption. Northern Norway faces security of supply challenges, and substantial investments are needed in generation, transmission and distribution capacity in order to meet the growing electricity demand. This makes it advantageous to reinforce the existing cross-border electricity infrastructure and trade between Norway and Russia. Cross-border interconnections however are complex, and the controversial debate over Norway’s position on nuclear power in the Kola Peninsula has created public and political opposition that could permanently hinder interconnection expansion plans. This article provides an outline of the existing electricity interconnection and trade between Norway and Russia and examines the potential for reinforcing those arrangements, as well as the concomitant social, political and legal challenges. It argues that in spite of nuclear power controversies, there is still room for expanding the existing interconnection and electricity trade in view of opportunities for the development of other renewable resources in Russia

Electricity Interconnection and Trade between Norway and Russia

Anticipated industrial growth in northern Norway, particularly of energy intensive industries such as hydrocarbons and mining, will inevitably result in increased electricity consumption. Northern Norway faces security of supply challenges, and substantial investments are needed in generation, transmission and distribution capacity in order to meet the growing electricity demand. This makes it advantageous to reinforce the existing cross-border electricity infrastructure and trade between Norway and Russia. Cross-border interconnections however are complex, and the controversial debate over Norway’s position on nuclear power in the Kola Peninsula has created public and political opposition that could permanently hinder interconnection expansion plans. This article provides an outline of the existing electricity interconnection and trade between Norway and Russia and examines the potential for reinforcing those arrangements, as well as the concomitant social, political and legal challenges. It argues that in spite of nuclear power controversies, there is still room for expanding the existing interconnection and electricity trade in view of opportunities for the development of other renewable resources in Russia

Anthropocentric Ocean Connectivity: A Pluralistic Legal-Regulatory Model

This article proposes a model of anthropocentric ocean connectivity based on the concept of human perspective as location. Within this location, anthropocentrism can be, but is not necessarily, an exclusive or dominant valuation of the human. In fact, conceptions of both anthropocentrism and of ocean connectivity are pluralistic. These and other pluralisms are borne out in this article’s content and structure, which takes the form of explorations of anthropocentric connectivity in relation to four specific ocean-related human activities. First, Jan Solski applies understandings of connectivity as “flow” in the context of strategic ocean geopolitics. Second, Iva Parlov analyzes current doctrinal issues and interactions at the international level with respect to the legal regime for places of refuge for ships in need of assistance. Third, Maria Madalena das Neves examines ocean connectivity in the context of transboundary energy trade and market integration, with particular attention to geopolitical and ecological connectivity. Finally, Julia Gaunce proposes that the making and application of transnational rules and standards for ships in polar waters enhances certain connections and disrupts others, to the detriment of oceans and people, and that broadening connectivity especially in respect of Arctic Indigenous people(s) could help address challenges faced by oceans and ocean governance

Avaliação do curso de gerenciamento online na perspectiva dos egressos

Objetivo Evaluar curso online desde la perspectiva de los egresos y verificar la relación entre las variables. Método Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio aplicado a los participantes en el final de tres versiones de un curso de actualizaciónonline en la temática de Gestión en Enfermería. Resultados Los índices de satisfacción en las tres categorías enumeradas, en tres años, presentaron resultados arriba de los 75,0%. Los coeficientes indican una alta consistencia del cuestionario. Teniendo en cuenta el índice total, la categoría Desempeño del Tutor ha presentado el índice más alto. Se identificaron fuertes asociaciones entre Autoevaluación y Desempeño del Tutor, Auto Evaluación y Programa del Curso, y Desempeño del Tutor y Programa del Curso. No se identificaron asociaciones entre las tres categorías mencionadas con las otras variables del estudio. Conclusión Los egresos expresaron su satisfacción por el curso que favorecía la interacción y la promoción del conocimiento colectivo en la gestión de enfermería. También fueron reconocidos los aspectos que deben ser mejorados, sobre todo la capacitación del tutor para mediar discusiones y estimular la participación de los estudiantes a lo largo del curso.Objetivo Avaliar curso online na perspectiva do egresso e verificar a relação entre variáveis. Método Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, aplicado aos participantes no final de três versões de um curso de atualização onlinena temática de Gerenciamento em Enfermagem. Resultados Os índices de satisfação nas três categorias elencadas, em três anos, apresentaram resultados acima de 75,0%. Os coeficientes obtidos indicaram alta consistência do questionário. Considerando o índice total, a categoria Desempenho do tutor foi a de índice mais alto. Fortes associações entre Autoavaliação e Desempenho do tutor, Autoavaliação e Programa do curso e Desempenho do tutor e Programa do curso foram identificadas. Não houve associação entre as três categorias referidas com as demais variáveis do estudo. Conclusão Os egressos demonstraram satisfação com o curso, que favoreceu a interação e a promoção do conhecimento coletivo no gerenciamento em enfermagem. Foram reconhecidos, também, aspectos que carecem de melhorias, com destaque à capacitação do tutor para mediar discussões e estimular o envolvimento do estudante ao longo do curso.Objective To evaluate the online course from the perspective of e-learners as well as the relation between variables. Method A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study. Results After three years, the satisfaction rates in the three listed categories presented an average rate higher than 75%. The coefficients indicated a high consistency of the questionnaire. Considering the overall rates in the three years period, the Instructor Performance category presented the highest rate. Strong associations between Self-Assessment and Instructor Performance, Self-Evaluation and Program of the Course and Instructor performance and Program of the course were identified. There was no association between the three categories mentioned with any other variables existing in the study. Conclusion E-learners expressed satisfaction with the course that means favored the interaction and the promotion of collective knowledge in nursing management. Also aspects need to be improved, especially the training of the instructor to mediate discussions and encourage student involvement throughout the course

Avaliação do curso de gerenciamento online na perspectiva dos egressos

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar curso online na perspectiva do egresso e verificar a relação entre variáveis. Método Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, aplicado aos participantes no final de três versões de um curso de atualização onlinena temática de Gerenciamento em Enfermagem. Resultados Os índices de satisfação nas três categorias elencadas, em três anos, apresentaram resultados acima de 75,0%. Os coeficientes obtidos indicaram alta consistência do questionário. Considerando o índice total, a categoria Desempenho do tutor foi a de índice mais alto. Fortes associações entre Autoavaliação e Desempenho do tutor, Autoavaliação e Programa do curso e Desempenho do tutor e Programa do curso foram identificadas. Não houve associação entre as três categorias referidas com as demais variáveis do estudo. Conclusão Os egressos demonstraram satisfação com o curso, que favoreceu a interação e a promoção do conhecimento coletivo no gerenciamento em enfermagem. Foram reconhecidos, também, aspectos que carecem de melhorias, com destaque à capacitação do tutor para mediar discussões e estimular o envolvimento do estudante ao longo do curso

International and national regulation of intentional vessel-source pollution in Arctic ice-covered areas

It is now generally accepted that the impacts of climate change in the Arctic Ocean will, over the next decades, determine its transformation from a permanently ice-covered and virtually untraversable area into a seasonally navigable sea subject to the increase of commercial navigation opportunities. This increase of both intra- and trans-Arctic shipping, specifically through Arctic ice-covered areas, poses great pressures and risks in terms of impacts to the Arctic marine environment, its living resources and its biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to examine international and national regulation of intentional vessel-source pollution in Arctic ice-covered areas and assess if, considering the increase of vessel traffic and the impact of climate change in those areas, it is adequate to protect the marine environment, living resources and biodiversity of the Arctic

Norway

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in the Yearbook of International Environmental Law following peer review. The version of record das Neves, M.M. (2019). C. Norway. Yearbook of International Environmental Law (2017) 28, 297-305, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvy017

First Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in Serum of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Northern Portugal by Nested- PCR

Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne zoonosis in the northern hemisphere. Several vertebrates are crucial in the epidemiological cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, but the role of wild boar as a reservoir is still unknown. Sera were collected from 90 wild boars shot in the Trás-os-Montes region, Northern Portugal (hunting season 2011/2012). In this study, Borrelia DNA was detected for the first time by nested-PCR in three different sera, suggesting that the wild boar may be a potential reservoir for this spirochete. Sequencing results show 100% similarity with Borrelia afzelii. Further studies are needed to evaluate the public health risks associated with boar hunting.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boar from Portugal

Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, being the parasitic disease with the highest occurrence in Europe. Wild boar has an important role in the epidemiological cycle of Toxoplasma gondii as an intermediate host, that can potentially infect humans when the meat is consumed raw or undercooked. The purpose of this work was to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in serum of hunted wild boar. During the hunting season 2011/2012, sera samples were collected from 97 wild boar and tested for IgG antibodies to T. gondii, using the modified agglutination test. Twenty out of the 97 wild boar (20.6%) were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males and older animals were associated with T. gondii seropositivity. These results show that T. gondii has an important presence in wild boar population from Portugal, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans when wild boar meat or meat products are consumed raw or undercooked.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Primeira deteção de DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato em javalis = First Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in Serum of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Northern Portugal by Nested-PCR

3º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical, 1º Congresso Lusófono de doenças transmitidas por vetoresResumo A borreliose de Lyme (BL) é a zoonose associada a carraças mais comum no hemisfério norte, mas em Portugal, apesar de doença de declaração obrigatória, continua sub-diagnosticada e sub-reportada. Esta doença emergente é causada por espiroquetas do complexoBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, transmitidas pela mordedura de carraças infetadas do género Ixodes, em particular I.ricinus, o principal vetor na Europa. Vários vertebrados são hospedeiros de carraças,entre os quais se inclui o javali, espécie cinegética de grande valor económico na região deTrás-os-Montes, e cujo papel no ciclo epidemiológico da BL permanece indeterminado. Soros de 90 javalis abatidos na referida região (época venatória 2011/12) foram recolhidos e analisados pornested-PCR. DNA deBorrelia foi detetado pela primeira vez em três animais, tendo os resultados de sequenciação mostrado 100% de similaridade comB. afzelii, geralmente associada a pequenos mamíferos (roedores, etc.). Estes resultados sugerem o javali como potencial reservatório desta espiroqueta, representando a sua circulação nesta região um risco de infeção para grupos ocupacionais relacionados com a caça (caçadores, gestores, etc.) e seus cães, devido ao contacto recorrente com animais e vegetação infestados por carraças . Este trabalho enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem "One Health" quanto a estratégias de prevenção e controlo de doenças zoonóticas emergentes, nomeadamente a BL. Abstract: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne zoonosis in northern hemisphere, but in Portugal, despite being a notifiable disease it remains under-diagnosed and reported.This emerging disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex spirochetes, transmitted through the bite of infected Ixodes genus ticks, par-ticularly I. ricinus, the main vector in Europe. Several vertebrates serve as hosts for ticks, including large hunting species like wild boars, with great economic value for hunting and food sectors in the Trás-os-Montes region, whose role in the epidemiological cycle of LB remains undetermined.Sera from 90 wild boars shot in the Trás-os-Montes region (hunting season 2011/12) were collected and tested by nested-PCR. Borrelia DNA was de-tected for the first time in three sera, and sequencing results showed 100% similarity with B. afzelii, usually associated with small mammals (rodents, etc.).The results suggest that wild boars are a potential reservoir for this spiro-chete and its circulation in this region represents an infection risk for hunt-ing-related occupational groups (hunters, gamekeepers, etc.) and hunting dogs, due to recurrent contact with tick-infested animals and vegetation.This work emphasizes the growing need for a "One Health" approach when it comes to emerging zoonotic disease control and prevention strategies, namely in LB.publishersversionpublishe