Consequences on anthropometry and metabolism of offspring maintenance with low-protein diet since pregnancy to adult age / Consequências sobre a antropometria e o metabolismo em ratos submetidos a dieta com baixo teor de proteínas da gravidez até a idade adulta

The pre and early post natal is a period high susceptible to environmental insults for instance nutrition. There is a high metabolic demand necessary for the multiplication and differentiation of cells for the formation of tissues and organs and unbalanced diets affect metabolism at long term. The present study aimed to analyze physiological and metabolic parameters in male offspring submitted to the low protein diet in the perinatal life followed by a normoprotein diet or kept on the same maternal low protein diet after weaning. 12 female Wistar rats were matched with male of same strainand according maternal diet forming normoproteic and low-protein groups during gestation and lactation. At weaning three groups were randomly formed: CC (control-control), LP (low-protein-low protein) and LPC (low-protein-control). Somatic growth, feed intake, organ weight, biochemical parameters, liver fat, blood cell count and glucose tolerance test were analysed. The post-weaning "nutritional recovery" diet improved body mass and longitudinal length. But, the maintenance with low protein diet post weaning caused weight and length deficiency (P<0.001). Other parameters such as food intake, murinometric measurements, fasting gliscemia, visceral fat, organ weight, OGTT and biochemical parameters observed in the LPC were similar to CC. The LP groups caused lower area under the glycemic curve, lower visceral fat, but similar blood count, tibial growth and liver fat compared to control. The parameters evaluated in offspring submitted to nutritional recovery corroborate previous study, but the maintenance of offspring with low protein diet minimizes catch-up growth, but alters metabolic response to glucose

Effects of high-fat diet intake during perinatal period on reflex-ontogeny and intestinal morphometry of rat offspring

Reflex-ontogeny and intestinal morphometrics were evaluated in Wistar rats whose mothers were fed on a high-fat diet during the perinatal period. Male pups (n=52) formed four experimental groups: NN (pups from mothers with lab chow diet during gestation and lactation); NH (pups from mothers with lab chow diet during pregnancy and high-fat in lactation); HH (pups from mothers with high-fat diet during gestation and lactation); HN (pups from mothers with high-fat diet during pregnancy and lab chow in lactation). The reflex ontogeny, the maturation of physical characteristics and parameters of somatic growth were evaluated during lactation. In addition, the body mass index (BMI), the specific rate of weight gain (SRWG), the Lee index, the weight of the brain and intestinal parameters were analyzed after weaning. High-fat diet during pregnancy (HH and HN groups) delayed the maturation of reflexes and physical characteristics. The high-fat diet affected somatic growth differently, reducing somatic growth parameters in the groups NH and HH and increasing in the HN group. The highest SRWG was found in group HN. SRWG and BMI were reduced in the groups NH and HH. The relative intestinal weight was reduced in the groups NH, HH and HN. The relative length of small intestine was longer in group HN than in group NN. The total height of the mucosa and size of the villous were lower in group HH than in group NN. In conclusion, high-fat diet promoted negative consequences for the development of the nervous and enteric systems of the offspring.Ontogenia refleja y morfometría intestinal fueron evaluados en crías de ratas Wistar que fueron alimentadas con una dieta alta en grasas durante el período perinatal. Los descendientes machos (n = 52) formaron cuatro grupos experimentales: NN (hijos de madres que utilizaron alimentos de laboratorio durante la gestación y la lactancia); NH (hijos de madres que comieron dieta de laboratorio durante el embarazo y dieta con un alto contenido de grasas en la lactancia); HH (hijos de madres con una dieta alta en grasas durante el embarazo y la lactancia); HN (hijos de madres que comieron una dieta alta en grasas durante el embarazo y comida de laboratorio durante la lactancia). La ontogenia refleja, la maduración de las características físicas y los parámetros de crecimiento somático durante la lactancia fueron evaluados. Además, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la tasa específica de aumento de peso (SRWG), el índice de Lee, el peso cerebral y los parámetros intestinales fueron analizados después del destete. La dieta alta en grasas durante el embarazo (grupos HH y HN) retrasó la maduración de reflejos y características físicas. La dieta alta en grasas afectó el crecimiento somático de manera diferente, reduciendo los parámetros de crecimiento somático en los grupos NH y HH y aumentando en el grupo HN. El SRWG más grande se encontró en el grupo HN. El SRWG y el IMC se redujeron en los grupos NH y HH. El peso relativo intestinal se redujo en los grupos NH, HH y HN. La longitud relativa del intestino delgado fue mayor en el grupo HN que en el grupo NN. La altura total de la mucosa y el tamaño de las vellosidades fueron menores en el grupo HH que en el grupo NN. En conclusión, la dieta alta en grasas tuvo consecuencias negativas para el desarrollo de los sistemas nervioso y entérico de la prole

Differences in cortisol concentrations in adolescents with eating disorders: a systematic review

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the literature for scientific evidence of possible differences in cortisol concentrations in adolescents with eating disorders. Source of data: Electronic searches were conducting in the PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Virtual Health Library, and Science Direct databases for articles published between 2007 and 2017 using the keywords, cortisol, hydrocortisone; eating disorders, bulimia, bulimia nervosa, anorexia, anorexia nervosa; adolescence, adolescent, adolescents. Synthesis of data: A total of 192 articles were found. After the analysis of the eligibility criteria using the PRISMA method, 19 articles were selected for the present review. Most studies were conducted in Europe. Adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were evaluated in all studies, except one, when other eating disorders were investigated. Blood was the means used for the determination of cortisol. In ten studies, cortisol levels were higher in the group with anorexia than the control group and a reduction in cortisol levels occurred in the adolescents after being submitted to nutritional recovery. Conclusions: Patients with eating disorders may have several clinical consequences, such as changes in body fat distribution, changes in bone mineral density, worsening of neurocognitive ability, and endocrine changes (e.g., hypercortisolemia), which in turn can lead to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and increased risk of infections. The findings demonstrate that adolescents with eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, have increased cortisol levels, which are reduced after the treatment period. Further studies on differences in cortisol concentrations in adolescents with other eating disorders are needed, using different methods. Resumo: Objetivo: Realizar uma análise sistemática da literatura em busca de evidências científicas de possíveis diferenças nas concentrações de cortisol em adolescentes com transtornos alimentares. Fonte de dados: Pesquisas eletrônicas foram realizadas nas bases de dados do Pubmed, da Scientific Electronic Library Online, da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e do Science Direct em busca de artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2017 que utilizaram as palavras‐chave: cortisol, hidrocortisona, transtornos alimentares, bulimia, bulimia nervosa, anorexia, anorexia nervosa, adolescência, adolescente e adolescentes. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 192 artigos. Após a análise dos critérios de elegibilidade utilizando o método PRISMA, 19 artigos foram selecionados para esta análise. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada na Europa. Os adolescentes diagnosticados com anorexia nervosa foram avaliados em todos os estudos, com exceção de um, em que outros transtornos alimentares foram investigados. A coleta de sangue foi o meio utilizado para a determinação do cortisol. Em dez estudos, os níveis de cortisol estavam mais elevados no grupo com anorexia do que no grupo de controle e ocorreu uma redução nos níveis de cortisol nos adolescentes após serem submetidos a uma recuperação nutricional. Conclusões: Os pacientes com transtornos alimentares podem apresentar diversas consequências clínicas, como alterações na distribuição de gordura corporal, alterações na densidade mineral óssea, piora da capacidade neurocognitiva e alterações endócrinas, como a hipercortisolemia que, por sua vez, pode levar à hiperglicemia, resistência à insulina, hipertensão e ao aumento do risco de infecções. Os achados demonstraram que os adolescentes com transtornos alimentares, principalmente a anorexia nervosa, apresentaram níveis mais elevados de cortisol, que são reduzidos após o período de tratamento. São necessários estudos adicionais sobre as diferenças nas concentrações de cortisol em adolescentes com outros transtornos alimentares, utilizando meios diferentes. Keywords: Cortisol, Eating disorders, Anorexia, Anorexia nervosa, Adolescent, Palavras‐chave: Cortisol, Transtornos alimentares, Anorexia, Anorexia nervosa, Adolescent

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq