Synthesis and reductive cleavage of 3-(2-flurophenyl) and 3-(4-flurophenyl)-cyclopent-5-en[d]isoxazolines by raney nickel in trifluroacetic acid

3-Fluoro arylcycloopent-5-en[d]isoxazolines have been obtained via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to aromatic nitrile oxides. The reductive cleavage of these isoxazolines by Raney nickel in trifluoroacetic acid led to corresponding acylcyclopentenes along with acylcyclopentanes. The synthesized compounds are the precursors of new prostanoids as well as the analogues of cyclic ?-triketones with fluorinated acyl side chain

Synthesis of (2-fluorophenyl) and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitromethyl)-methanones as precursors of fluorinated prostanoids

The synthesis of new fluorinated primary nitrocompounds ?(2-fluorophenyl)and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitromethylcyclopentyl)methanones has been realized by the nitromethane 1,4-addition to 1-acylcyclopentenes, available by the reductive cleavage of corresponding cyclopent-5-en[d]isoxazolines. The obtained nitrocompounds are the precursors of new fluorinated prostaglandin analogues, which could be synthesized via the formation of second prostanoids side chain by nitrile oxides method

The catalytic hydrogenation of 3-(2-fluorophenyl)- and 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclopenta[d]isoxazolines

The catalytic hydrogenation of 3-(2-fluorophenyl)- and 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclo-penta[d ]isoxazolines led with good yields to corresponding fluorinated β -hydroxyketones. The synthesized compounds are precursors of new fluorinated prostanoids and carbocyclic analogs of acetogenins being of great interest as potential bi ologically active substances as well

FGF4 Independent Derivation of Trophoblast Stem Cells from the Common Vole

The derivation of stable multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines from preimplantation, and early postimplantation mouse embryos has been reported previously. FGF4, and its receptor FGFR2, have been identified as embryonic signaling factors responsible for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of multipotent TS cells. Here we report the derivation of stable TS-like cell lines from the vole M. rossiaemeridionalis, in the absence of FGF4 and heparin. Vole TS-like cells are similar to murine TS cells with respect to their morphology, transcription factor gene expression and differentiation in vitro into derivatives of the trophectoderm lineage, and with respect to their ability to invade and erode host tissues, forming haemorrhagic tumours after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Moreover, vole TS-like cells carry an inactive paternal X chromosome, indicating that they have undergone imprinted X inactivation, which is characteristic of the trophoblast lineage. Our results indicate that an alternative signaling pathway may be responsible for the establishment and stable proliferation of vole TS-like cells

Serum tumor markers in pediatric osteosarcoma: a summary review

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary high-grade bone tumor in both adolescents and children. Early tumor detection is key to ensuring effective treatment. Serum marker discovery and validation for pediatric osteosarcoma has accelerated in recent years, coincident with an evolving understanding of molecules and their complex interactions, and the compelling need for improved pediatric osteosarcoma outcome measures in clinical trials. This review gives a short overview of serological markers for pediatric osteosarcoma, and highlights advances in pediatric osteosarcoma-related marker research within the past year. Studies in the past year involving serum markers in patients with pediatric osteosarcoma can be assigned to one of four categories, i.e., new approaches and new markers, exploratory studies in specialized disease subsets, large cross-sectional validation studies, and longitudinal studies, with and without an intervention

Xist regulation and function eXplored

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process in mammals that ensures equal transcript levels between males and females by genetic inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in females. Central to XCI is the long non-coding RNA Xist, which is highly and specifically expressed from the inactive X chromosome. Xist covers the X chromosome in cis and triggers genetic silencing, but its working mechanism remains elusive. Here, we review current knowledge about Xist regulation, structure, function and conservation and speculate on possible mechanisms by which its action is restricted in cis. We also discuss dosage compensation mechanisms other than XCI and how knowledge from invertebrate species may help to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of mammalian XCI

The interaction of (2-fluorophenyl) and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitomethylcyclopentyl)methanone with phenylacetylene

The synthesis of corresponding isoxazoles and unsaturated oximes has been realized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of phenylacetylene with nitrile oxide s generated from (2-fluorophenyl)-or (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitomethylcyclopentyl)methanone by the action of phenyl isocyanate. The synthesized compounds are new fluorinated prostanoids and appear to be of great interest as potential biologically active substances

Synthesis of (2-fluorophenyl) and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitromethyl)-methanones as precursors of fluorinated prostanoids

The synthesis of new fluorinated primary nitrocompounds ?(2-fluorophenyl)and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitromethylcyclopentyl)methanones has been realized by the nitromethane 1,4-addition to 1-acylcyclopentenes, available by the reductive cleavage of corresponding cyclopent-5-en[d]isoxazolines. The obtained nitrocompounds are the precursors of new fluorinated prostaglandin analogues, which could be synthesized via the formation of second prostanoids side chain by nitrile oxides method

The catalytic hydrogenation of 3-(2-fluorophenyl)- and 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclopenta[d]isoxazolines

The catalytic hydrogenation of 3-(2-fluorophenyl)- and 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclo-penta[d ]isoxazolines led with good yields to corresponding fluorinated β -hydroxyketones. The synthesized compounds are precursors of new fluorinated prostanoids and carbocyclic analogs of acetogenins being of great interest as potential bi ologically active substances as well

The interaction of (2-fluorophenyl) and (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitomethylcyclopentyl)methanone with phenylacetylene

The synthesis of corresponding isoxazoles and unsaturated oximes has been realized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of phenylacetylene with nitrile oxide s generated from (2-fluorophenyl)-or (4-fluorophenyl)-(2-nitomethylcyclopentyl)methanone by the action of phenyl isocyanate. The synthesized compounds are new fluorinated prostanoids and appear to be of great interest as potential biologically active substances