New analytic running coupling in QCD: higher loop levels

The properties of the new analytic running coupling are investigated at the higher loop levels. The expression for this invariant charge, independent of the normalization point, is obtained by invoking the asymptotic freedom condition. It is shown that at any loop level the relevant $\beta$ function has the universal behaviors at small and large values of the invariant charge. Due to this feature the new analytic running coupling possesses the universal asymptotics both in the ultraviolet and infrared regions irrespective of the loop level. The consistency of the model considered with the general definition of the QCD invariant charge is shown.Comment: LaTeX 2.09, 12 pages with 5 EPS figures, uses mpla1.sty; enlarged version is accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett.

TDDFT with Skyrme Forces: Effect of Time-Odd Densities on Electric Giant Resonances

Time-odd densities and their effect on electric giant resonances are investigated within the self-consistent separable random-phase-approximation (SRPA) model for various Skyrme forces (SkT6, SkO, SkM*, SIII, SGII, SLy4, SLy6, SkI3). Time-odd densities restore Galilean invariance of the Skyrme functional, violated by the effective-mass and spin-orbital terms. In even-even nuclei these densities do not contribute to the ground state but can affect the dynamics. As a particular case, we explore the role of the current density in description of isovector E1 and isoscalar E2 giant resonances in a chain of Nd spherical and deformed isotopes with A=134-158. Relation of the current to the effective masses and relevant parameters of the Skyrme functional is analyzed. It is shown that current contribution to E1 and E2 resonances is generally essential and fully determined by the values and signs of the isovector and isoscalar effective-mass parameters of the force. The contribution is the same for all the isotope chain, i.e. for both standard and exotic nuclei.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, will be published in Proceed. of 14th Nuclear Physics Workshop (Kazimierez, Poland, September, 2007) Comment: latex error in openning Fig. 2 was correcte

Role of the rho meson in the description of pion electroproduction experiments at JLab

We study the p(e,e' pi+)n reaction in the framework of an effective Lagrangian approach including nucleon, pi and rho meson degrees of freedom and show the importance of the rho-meson t-pole contribution to sigmaT, the transverse part of cross section. We test two different field representations of the rho meson, vector and tensor, and find that the tensor representation of the rho meson is more reliable in the description of the existing data. In particular, we show that the rho-meson t-pole contribution, including the interference with an effective non-local contact term, sufficiently improves the description of the recent JLab data at invariant mass W less 2.2 GeV and Q2 less 2.5 GeV2/c2. A ``soft'' variant of the strong piNN and rhoNN form factors is also found to be compatible with these data. On the basis of the successful description of both the sigmaL and sigmaT parts of the cross section we discuss the importance of taking into account the sigmaT data when extracting the charge pion form factor Fpi from sigmaL.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Toroidal, compression, and vortical dipole strengths in 144−154^{144-154}Sm: Skyrme-RPA exploration of deformation effect

A comparative analysis of toroidal, compressional and vortical dipole strengths in the spherical $^{144}$Sm and the deformed $^{154}$Sm is performed within the random-phase-approximation using a set of different Skyrme forces. Isoscalar (T=0), isovector (T=1), and electromagnetic excitation channels are considered. The role of the nuclear convection $j_{\text{con}}$ and magnetization $j_{\text{mag}}$ currents is inspected. It is shown that the deformation leads to an appreciable redistribution of the strengths and causes a spectacular deformation splitting (exceeding 5 MeV) of the isoscalar compressional mode. In $^{154}$Sm, the $\mu$=0 and $\mu$=1 branches of the mode form well separated resonances. When stepping from $^{144}$Sm to $^{154}$Sm, we observe an increase of the toroidal, compression and vortical contributions in the low-energy region (often called pygmy resonance). The strength in this region seems to be an overlap of various excitation modes. The energy centroids of the strengths depend significantly on the isoscalar effective mass $m_0$. Skyrme forces with a large $m_0$ (typically $m_0/m \approx 0.8 - 1$) seem to be more suitable for description of experimental data for the isoscalar giant dipole resonance.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to EJP

Momentum distribution in heavy deformed nuclei: role of effective mass

The impact of nuclear deformation on the momentum distributions (MD) of occupied proton states in $^{238}$U is studied with a phenomenological Woods-Saxon (WS) shell model and the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (SHF) scheme. Four Skyrme parameterizations (SkT6, SkM*, SLy6, SkI3) with different effective masses are used. The calculations reveal significant deformation effects in the low-momentum domain of $K^{\pi}=1/2^{\pm}$ states, mainly of those lying near the Fermi surface. For other states, the deformation effect on MD is rather small and may be neglected. The most remarkable result is that the very different Skyrme parameterizations and the WS potential give about identical MD. This means that the value of effective mass, being crucial for the description of the spectra, is not important for the spatial shape of the wave functions and thus for the MD. In general, it seems that, for the description of MD at $0\le k \le 300$ MeV/c, one may use any single-particle scheme (phenomenological or self-consistent) fitted properly to the global ground state properties.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Extended analytic QCD model with perturbative QCD behavior at high momenta

In contrast to perturbative QCD, the analytic QCD models have running coupling whose analytic properties correctly mirror those of spacelike observables. The discontinuity (spectral) function of such running coupling is expected to agree with the perturbative case at large timelike momenta; however, at low timelike momenta it is not known. In the latter regime, we parametrize the unknown behavior of the spectral function as a sum of (two) delta functions; while the onset of the perturbative behavior of the spectral function is set to be 1.0-1.5 GeV. This is in close analogy with the "minimal hadronic ansatz" used in the literature for modeling spectral functions of correlators. For the running coupling itself, we impose the condition that it basically merges with the perturbative coupling at high spacelike momenta. In addition, we require that the well-measured nonstrange semihadronic (V+A) tau decay ratio value be reproduced by the model. We thus obtain a QCD framework which is basically indistinguishable from perturbative QCD at high momenta (Q > 1 GeV), and at low momenta it respects the basic analyticity properties of spacelike observables as dictated by the general principles of the local quantum field theories.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures; in v2 Sec.IV is extended after Eq.(48) and refs.[51-52] added; v2 published in Phys.Rev.D85,114043(2012

Two-Photon Excitation of Low-Lying Electronic Quadrupole States in Atomic Clusters

A simple scheme of population and detection of low-lying electronic quadrupole modes in free small deformed metal clusters is proposed. The scheme is analyzed in terms of the TDLDA (time-dependent local density approximation) calculations. As test case, the deformed cluster $Na^+_{11}$ is considered. Long-living quadrupole oscillations are generated via resonant two-photon (two-dipole) excitation and then detected through the appearance of satellites in the photoelectron spectra generated by a probe pulse. Femtosecond pump and probe pulses with intensities $I = 2\cdot 10^{10} - 2\cdot 10^{11} W/cm^2$ and pulse duration $T = 200 - 500$ fs are found to be optimal. The modes of interest are dominated by a single electron-hole pair and so their energies, being combined with the photoelectron data for hole states, allow to gather new information about mean-field spectra of valence electrons in the HOMO-LUMO region. Besides, the scheme allows to estimate the lifetime of electron-hole pairs and hence the relaxation time of electronic energy into ionic heat.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

STIRAP transport of Bose-Einstein condensate in triple-well trap

The irreversible transport of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the Stimulated Adiabatic Raman Passage (STIRAP) scheme. A general formalism for a single BEC in M-well trap is derived and analogy between multi-photon and tunneling processes is demonstrated. STIRAP transport of BEC in a cyclic triple-well trap is explored for various values of detuning and interaction between BEC atoms. It is shown that STIRAP provides a complete population transfer at zero detuning and interaction and persists at their modest values. The detuning is found not to be obligatory. The possibility of non-adiabatic transport with intuitive order of couplings is demonstrated. Evolution of the condensate phases and generation of dynamical and geometric phases are inspected. It is shown that STIRAP allows to generate the unconventional geometrical phase which is now of a keen interest in quantum computing.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Laser Physics (v. 19, n.4, 2009

Shock Wave Structure in a Strongly Nonlinear Granular Lattice with Viscous Dissipation

The shock wave structure in a one-dimensional lattice (e.g. granular chain) with a power law dependence of force on displacement between particles with viscous dissipation is considered and compared to the corresponding long wave approximation. A dissipative term depending on the relative velocity between neighboring particles is included in the discrete model to investigate its influence on the shape of steady shock profiles. The critical viscosity coefficient is obtained from the long-wave approximation for arbitrary values of the exponent n and denotes the transition from an oscillatory to a monotonic shock profile in stronly nonlinear systems. The expression for the critical viscosity coefficient converges to the known equation for the critical viscosity in the weakly nonlinear case. Values of viscosity based on this expression are comparable to the values obtained in the numerical analysis of a discrete particle lattice with a Herzian contact interaction corresponding to n = 3/2. An initial disturbance in a discrete system approaches a stationary shock profile after traveling a short distance that is comparable to the width of the leading pulse of a stationary shock front. The shock front width is minimized when the viscosity is equal to its critical value.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure