Применение метода главных компонент для компенсации помех при приеме сигналов глобальной навигационной спутниковой системы

In this paper three methods of interferences nulling for GNSS GPS or GLONASS are described. A digital antenna array for compensation of interferences is implied. Two methods are based on the eigenvector decomposition of the correlation matrix of received oscillations. An expansion of the correlation matrix on its eigensystem is applied. The eigenvector matrix must be divided on the noise and signal subspaces. Some main components of the eigenvector matrix are used to weight vector calculation. The structure of a space-time interferences compensator is shown. The comprehensive test and the comparative analysis of effectiveness of described methods with the classic gradient method of output fluctuation power minimize under restriction on radiation pattern are completed. A suppression coefficient ranges up to 60 dB.Для адаптивного управления пространственной избирательностью цифровой антенной решетки (ЦАР) использована разновидность метода главных компонентов. Компенсация помех в ЦАР, включенной в состав аппаратуры потребителей глобальных навигационных спутниковых систем, производится взвешиванием вектора принимаемых колебаний вектором весовых коэффициентов (ВВК). Для формирования ВВК используются собственные числа и векторы шумового подпространства собственной системы оценки корреляционной матрицы принятых колебаний. ВВК адаптируется по критерию минимизации мощности процесса суммарных колебаний на выходе ЦАР или по критерию минимизации нормы ВВК при ограничениях на уровни диаграммы направленности в выбранных направлениях. Предложен комплексный критерий качества и проведен анализ эффективности методов компенсации помех

Application of the Main Components Method for GNSS Interference Suppression

In this paper three methods of interferences nulling for GNSS GPS or GLONASS are described. A digital antenna array for compensation of interferences is implied. Two methods are based on the eigenvector decomposition of the correlation matrix of received oscillations. An expansion of the correlation matrix on its eigensystem is applied. The eigenvector matrix must be divided on the noise and signal subspaces. Some main components of the eigenvector matrix are used to weight vector calculation. The structure of a space-time interferences compensator is shown. The comprehensive test and the comparative analysis of effectiveness of described methods with the classic gradient method of output fluctuation power minimize under restriction on radiation pattern are completed. A suppression coefficient ranges up to 60 dB

Prospects for Transport Energy Consumption: Methodological Approaches and Results of Forecasting

Abstract: The direction and effectiveness of the using mineral resources, as well as the development trend of the mineral markets, especially energy markets – is one of the central topics of the development of relevant industries. The article discusses the consumption of mineral energy resources in transport with the differentiation by the countries of the world. It proposed to improve the methods of forecasting of energy consumption in the transport sector in the medium and long term. Relevance of the work associated with the leading role of the transport sector in the formation of oil demand in the world. In most developed and developing countries vehicle transport accounts for 60-70% of the total domestic oil consumption. Forecasting of energy demand is particular important to ensure energy security of the countries in the transport sector in the medium and long term. Predicting energy consumption by road vehicles includes two main areas: the forecast of specific energy consumption vehicle and the forecast of the number of cars. The authors examined historical data of specific energy consumption of road vehicle with the differentiation by the countries of Europe and Russia. The analysis revealed a steady decline in energy intensity in most advanced countries. However, this process is different in intensity decrease specific energy consumption and the time of occurrence of the trend. An analysis of the specific energy consumption in the past 25 years has shown that the dynamics of the index most accurately described by an exponential function: the initial stage of reduction of energy consumption is more intensive than in subsequent periods. As a result, the general pattern was derived convergence of energy consumption and the parameters depending on the speed of lowering the energy intensity of its initial value. On basis of trend models and identified reducing energy consumption depending on the speed of its entry-level may carry out the forecast of specific energy consumption for both developed and developing countries for which there is a limited number of historical data. In order to improve the quality of forecasting specific number of vehicles, the authors of this article proposed to introduce additional parameters into the model, which would take into account differences in the countries of climatic, socio-economic, institutional conditions. As a result, it was identified five of the most significant factors affecting theratio of vehicles to population on basis of econometric analysis. The proposed methodological approach to determining the specific energy consumption of vehicle road transport and proposals for improving the methods of forecasting the number of vehicles it possible to predict energy demand of the transport sector in the long term