Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality

When two initially thermal many-body systems start interacting strongly, their transient states quickly become non-Gibbsian, even if the systems eventually equilibrate. To see beyond this apparent lack of structure during the transient regime, we use a refined notion of thermality, which we call g-local. A system is g-locally thermal if the states of all its small subsystems are marginals of global thermal states. We numerically demonstrate for two harmonic lattices that whenever the total system equilibrates in the long run, each lattice remains g-locally thermal at all times, including the transient regime. This is true even when the lattices have long-range interactions within them. In all cases, we find that the equilibrium is described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble, with three-dimensional lattices requiring special treatment due to their extended set of conserved charges. We compare our findings with the well-known two-temperature model. While its standard form is not valid beyond weak coupling, we show that at strong coupling it can be partially salvaged by adopting the concept of a g-local temperature.Comment: 10+13 pages, 10+6 figures; close to published versio

Odontogenic keratocysts in Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a case report

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder, comprises a number of abnormalities such as multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas, skeletal abnormalities and multiple odontogenic keratocysts. Considering the rarity of this syndrome, we present a 12-year-old boy affected by this syndrome. He had multiple okcs, calcification of falx cerebri, bifid ribs, frontal bossing and hypertelorism. Characteristic cutaneous manifestation (nevoid basal cell carcinoma) was not present in this patient. The jaw cysts were treated with marsupialization then enucleation. The dental clinician may be the first to encounter and identify this syndrome, when the multiple cystlike radiolucencies are discovered on panoramic view

From fidelity to entanglement of entropy of the one-dimensional transverse-field quantum compass model

We study fidelity and fidelity susceptibility by addition of entanglement of entropy in the one-dimensional quantum compass model in a transverse magnetic field numerically. The whole four recognized gapped regions in the ground state phase diagram are in the range of our investigation. Power-law divergence at criticality accompanied by finite size scaling indicates the field induced quantum phase transitions are of second order as well as from the scaling behavior of the extremum of fidelity susceptibility is shown the quantum critical exponents are different in the various regions of phase diagram. We further calculate a recently proposed quantum information theoretic measure, von-Neumann entropy, and show that this measure provide appropriate signatures of the quantum phase transitions (QPT)s occurring at the critical fields. Von-Neumann entropy indicates a measure of entanglement between some-particle block and the rest of the system. We show the value of entanglement between a two-particle block with the rest of the system is more dependent on the power of exchange couplings connecting the block with the rest of the system than the power of exchange coupling between two particles in the block

Identification of Unentangled–Entangled Border in the Luttinger Liquid Phase

Quantum discord and entanglement are both criteria for distinguishing quantum correlations in a quantum system. We studied the effect of the transverse magnetic field on the quantum discord of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XX model. This study focused on the pair of spins at different distances. We show that quantum discord is finite for all studied spin pairs in the Luttinger liquid phase. In addition, relying on our calculations, we show that the derivatives of quantum discord can be used to identify the border between entangled and separable regions in the Luttinger liquid phase

Factors associated with Cyclosporine A-induced gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients

Background and Aim: Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is commonly prescribed for kidney transplant patients to suppress their immune systems, which can lead to gingival enlargement (GE) . The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of associated factors with CsA-induced gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients in Rasht during 2012. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional research, information about kidney transplant patients was recorded in respective questionnaires after their examinations. Then, gingival enlargement and gingival index (GI) were divided into 4 degrees at 4 points and plaque index (PI) was recorded according to Oleary index. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed by means of SPSS Software (V:16), using Chi-square and T-Test. Results: Seventy-five renal transplant patients (31 women and 44 men) with the mean age 43.18 years (age range 18-73years) participated in this study. Gingival enlargement was diagnosed in 50% of the patients that had used cyclosporine. The average dosage of the drug was 179.6 mg. The increased prevalence of gingival enlargement was observed in the maxilla rather than in the mandible and more in the anterior than in the posterior parts of the jaws. Gingival enlargement was significantly correlated with GI and PI (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively). Conclusion: PI and GI were higher in patients with gingival enlargement than patients without gingival enlargement. Thus, it is suggested that periodontal proper hygiene be done to prevent gingival enlargement