Анализ текста как средство обучения иностранному языку и переводу

The axiom that an interpreter translates not words but the meaning requires his ability to generate the instinct of perceiving the maximum possible volume of the information to be translated. Such instinctive perception is to activate an interpreter`s intuitive perception of the meaning in one language as well as his ability to provide rational interpretation of it by expressive means of the other language.Аксиома «переводчик переводит не слова, а смысл» требует воспитания в переводчике инстинкта восприятия максимально возможного объема текста в качестве единицы переводимой информации. Такое инстинктивное восприятие должно активизировать переводческое интуитивное понимание смысла информации на одном языке и рациональную интерпретацию этого смысла выразительными средствами другого языка

Перевод - культура - система

The concepts of a systematic approach to the educational aspects of translators` training. Elements of understanding the cultural problems of translation teaching. Asymmetry of the dyad language-culture.В статье рассмотрены концепции системного подхода к учебным аспектам подготовки переводчиков, элементы понимания культурологических проблем обучения переводу, асимметрия диады «язык—культура»

Semantic Condensations in French and Russian Proverbs Based on the Thematic Group Family1

The article is devoted to the study of semantic condensations in French and Russian proverbs from the point of view of family values perception by native speakers of French and Russian. The analysis was carried out based on a study of a card index of proverbs extracted from paremiographic sources that offer a presentation of the material on a thematic basis and contain headings and subheadings related to family and family relations. In order to achieve greater objectivity of the results, the authors carried out a selection and counting of the number of identical proverbial units of the studied thematic group both in French (114 units) and Russian (270 units) paremiological dictionaries. A quantitative and semantic analysis of the key lexemes associated with family presented in the titles of headings, subheadings and proverbs of the card index allowed identify semantic condensations, which most clearly reflect behavioural priorities and peculiaritites of values comprehension. Proverbial semantic condensations are understood as the main meanings and moral and ethical formulations, containing in a condensed form the meaning of a proverb and excluding its figurative component, which may differ in various languages. A comparative analysis made it possible to identify both universal and specific components in the considered French and Russian proverbial condensations, as well as values and anti-values adjacent to the family, which enables us to characterize their perception and functioning in the system of value coordinates of the studied ethnic groups. The presence of significant similarities is explained by the universality of family values and their understanding. Differences mainly lie in the fact that in the French material there is a more individualistic and pragmatic-everyday orientation, while in the Russian material there is a tendency towards the collective (family) and an emotional-sensory orientation. Russian proverbs are distinguished by a greater degree of concentration of thematic key lexemes. The differences in semantic condensations, the value perception of the family, and their representation using units of different linguistic levels, the functioning of which is explained by a combination of typological features of the compared languages, once again demonstrated the connection between the latter, the uniqueness of the world perception and the way of thinking of individual ethnic groups. © Nelyubova N.Yu., Dugalich N.M., Ershov V.I., 2021

Semantic analysis of Tuvan proverbs: Models, imagery, concepts (against the European paremiological background) [Семантический анализ тувинских пословиц: модели, образы, понятия (на европейском паремиологическом фоне)]

As it is with all other languages, Tuvan proverbs have a certain ethnic and cultural character, which manifests itself both in the presence of specific language units (proverbs endemic for the Tuvan language) and in the local versions of the paremias which also exist in other language (universal, international or borrowed proverbs). In both linguocultural and typological aspects, the most urgent and hence the most difficult thing is to outline the common features and ethnically and culturally determined differences between the proverbs in Tuvan and modern European languages. Our study focuses on the semantic analysis of Tuvan proverbs upon the wide background of European languages - Slavic, Baltic, Germanic and Romance. We aim to define the principal factors of describing the ethnocultural specificity of Tuvan proverbs - on the level of paremiological models, key terms and imagery (as different from those of modern European languages). The sources for comparison came from published editions of Tuvan proverbs and sayings, and polylingual paremiological dictionaries, such as “The Dictionary of European Proverbs” by E. Strauss (1994), «European Proverbs in 55 Languages, with Equivalents in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese, and Japanese» by D. Paczolay (1997). The authors examine the Tuvan proverbs which have their counterparts in European languages (i.e. cases of common proverbial models of various types). These proverbs use the imagery identical or close to their European counterparts and have analogical key concepts (in the sociocultural, axiological or empirical sense, also known as cognitemes. Also differentiated are the models, imagery and notions in Tuvan proverbs which contain paremiological code of various types - natural, animalistical, somatic, gastronomical, etc. - and have appeared due to cultural transfer or linguocultural assimilation. We have concluded that most of the Tuvan proverbs which share models, imagery and notions with proverbs in European language possess both linguistic and ethnocultural characteristics of its own, including ethnic semantic models, ethnocultural versions of imagery and ethnolinguistically and ethnoculturally determined connotations of key notions. We have proved that semantic analysis of proverbial models, imagery and key concepts can help comprehensively differentiate between the common and the specific in the corpus of Tuvan proverbs. This is of paramount importance for both linguocultural typology of Tuvan proverbs and identifying ethnocultural specificity of Tuvan proverbial corpus as compared with those of other languages and cultures. © 2021 New Reaearch of Tuva. All rights reserved

The Role of the Diad PEACE—WAR Value in the Linguistic Worldview of the French Society Representatives

The article is devoted to the analysis of a number of values of native French speakers living in France. The relevance of this work is explained by the fact that at the present stage the composition of the population of France is changing as a result of the migration process, which entails the transformation of the value system and their hierarchy in society compared to traditional perception. It is interesting to trace the representation of this fact on the proverbial material and on the material obtained as a result of the questionnaire. The purpose of this article is to analyze the representation and role of the peace — war value dyad in the linguistic picture of the world of representatives of modern French society from the point of view of traditions and modernity. As a material for the study of traditional values in the framework of the axiological dyad’s analysis under study, 49 French-language proverbs about weapons were used, taught by a continuous sample from the heading “La guerre et les armes” of the dictionary of French proverbs and sayings. The study of images associated with weapons allowed us to characterize the metaphorical basis for describing various life value-generating situations, and the semantic analysis of proverbs made it possible to identify adjacent values: life, health, courage and thereby trace the features of the representation of the peace — war dyad in the French value system from the point of view of accumulated experience. In order to verify the results obtained from the analysis of paremiographic material and extract an idea of the functioning of this value dyad in the language picture of the world of representatives of modern French society, a questionnaire was conducted with the participation of 97 informants — native French and Turkish migrants. The analysis of the entire array of material allowed us to identify the common contiguous value of life. This fact, as well as the second place of the concept of peace, according to the informants, is located after the family on the value-conceptual scale, allows us to consider peace as one of the main vital values of representatives of modern French society. © 2022, RUDN UNiversity. All rights reserved