Efficacy of core stability exercises and short foot exercises in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a brief review

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee problems that disturb function and daily activities. Symptoms of PFPS can develop either slowly or abruptly and pain tends to worsen with activities such as squatting, prolonged sitting, stair climbing, jumping or running. Deficits in neuromuscular control of the core muscles and weakness of foot muscles have been associated with occurrence of PFPS. Physical therapy has got a profound role in treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome patient. Strengthening of the core muscles must have rectified the improper recruitment of the muscles, in order to provide proximal stability, reported that improvement in core muscles could be an effective strategy in the rehabilitation of patients with PFPS. Aim of this review is to find out effect of core stabilization exercises and short foot exercises in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Following electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and one search engine (google scholar) were searched for literature between 2005 to 2023

Extended Reach 10 Gb/s Transmission with an Optical I/Q Modulator Using VCSELs over OFDM-Based Multimode Fiber Link

This paper investigates the possibilities of extending the reach of a 10 Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing- (OFDM-) based multimode fiber (MMF) link with an optical I/Q modulation technique through vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The proposed I/Q modulation technique comprises two VCSELs in a 90° hybrid combination to produce I/Q modulated OFDM signal. The results show the excellent performance (in terms of BER and Q factor) of the direct-detection optical- (DDO-) OFDM system with the proposed I/Q modulation in comparison to the direct modulation case. The proposed system is able to achieve worst-case BER of about 1.8616 × 10−3 and Q factor of about 10.9949 dB over a 5 km MMF link. The I/Q modulation technique in the DDO-OFDM system has further been investigated for extending the transmission reach of the MMF link using multispan configuration

Investigation and Suppression of Fiber Nonlinearities Using Injection-Locking in OFDM-WDM System

The fiber nonlinearities play a major role in optical communication with respect to the system performance and transmission capacity. Here, fiber nonlinear impairments are investigated through consideration of several parameters of optical fiber system, such as fiber length and core effective area. We also demonstrate the mitigation of fiber nonlinearities by using single-stage injection-locking in 3 × 10 Gb/s OFDM-WDM system. This paper focuses on selection of appropriate bias current for slave laser to suppress the four wave mixing (FWM) crosstalk effects. These findings resemble the importance of single-stage injection-locking for FWM suppression for high-speed data communication

Simulative Parametric Study on Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cells Incorporating Interfacial Nanoclusters Layer

Abstract Organic solar cells deal with small organic molecules for absorption of light at low cost and high efficiency. In this paper, we have analyzed the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics of double heterojunction solar cell that consists of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI) thin films. Here, CuPc and PTCBI layers are combined by an interfacial layer consisting of nanoscale dots. Different plasmonic materials (i. e. Ag, Au, and graphene) are selected as alternative nanoscale dot layer to examine their effect on solar cell performance. Further, the solar cell performance is also examined via variation in active layer thickness. The choice of interfacial layer material and variation in active layer thickness offer grounds for future efficient PV cells.</jats:p