Contribution of Lasergrammetry, Photogrammetry and Electrical Tomography for the Survey and 3D Representation of Caves: Case Study of the Cave of Kef El Baroud, Province of Benslimane, Morocco

The modeling of caves is constantly evolving and the classic modeling tools are giving way to new techniques that are more precise and more practical, indeed scientists are increasingly using 3D modeling to improve the representations of caves, in this study we have used lasergrammetry and photogrammetry which occupy an increasing place in the 3D representation of caves. Their simplicity favors their use for recording and modeling the parietal morphology of caves and the detailed representation of the complexity of Endokarst. As part of the geomorphological study of the Kef El Baroud Cave which is located in the province of Benslimane in Morocco, two modeling methods were carried out, it is a digital survey by lasergrammetry and by photogrammetry of the cave. and its parietal morphologies. The study was completed by a topographical survey with a DistoX rangefinder. The geophysical contribution by electrical tomography was also carried out. The 3D terrestrial laser scanning technique was performed by a LEICA RTC 345 scanner. These measurements made it possible to reconstruct the evolutionary stages of the paragenetic morphologies, and their relationships with the local geomorphology, and the structural elements. The field measurements were integrated into the morphometric analyzes of the digital models, which allowed a large number of observations.The surveys also made it possible to compare the results with those of the photogrammetry carried out by a reflex camera and a wide-angle lens with appropriate editing software.Lasergrammetry and its application have enabled us to precisely position within the point cloud all the details of the covered wall, and thus constitutes, alongside photogrammetry, an interesting means for the geomorphological study of the Caves. An electrical tomography study was coupled with the other measurements and made it possible not only to delimit the walls of the Cave according to the resistivity gradients but also to detect the very probable presence of fractured zones under the Cave which could constitute an aquifer

Trajectoires comparées de la patrimonialisation des grottes et du karst dans les Géoparcs du Massif des Bauges (France) et du M’Goun (Maroc)

International audienceThe ancient and modern uses of caves have been the subject of much scientific research. The aim here is to consider them from a heritage perspective, through a comparative diachronic approach to the history and methods of exploring, protecting and developing caves in two karst areas: the Bauges massif (French northern Pre-Alps) and the M'Goun area (Moroccan central High Atlas), which became Global Geoparks in 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, the aim is to examine the effect of the Geopark label on the processes involved in making caves and karst heritage, grouped into the following three fields: (i) speleo-karstological exploration and research activities; (ii) protection strategies and actions; (iii) enhancement plans and actions, particularly educational and tourism-related.Les usages anciens et modernes des grottes ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches scientifiques. Il s’agit ici de les considérer dans une perspective patrimoniale, par une approche diachronique comparative de l’histoire et des modalités de l’exploration, de la protection et de la mise en valeur des cavités de deux territoires karstiques : le massif des Bauges (Préalpes du nord françaises) et la région du M’Goun (Haut Atlas central marocain), devenus Géoparcs mondiaux respectivement en 2011 et 2014. Il s’agit notamment d’interroger l’effet du label Géoparc sur les processus de patrimonialisation des grottes et du karst, regroupés dans les trois domaines suivants : (i) les activités d’exploration et de recherche spéléo-karstologiques ; (ii) les stratégies et actions de protection ; (iii) les plans et actions de valorisation, notamment éducative et touristique

Trajectoires comparées de la patrimonialisation des grottes et du karst dans les Géoparcs du Massif des Bauges (France) et du M’Goun (Maroc).

International audienceThe ancient and modern uses of caves have been the subject of much scientific research. The aim here is to consider them from a heritage perspective, through a comparative diachronic approach to the history and methods of exploring, protecting and developing caves in two karst areas: the Bauges massif (French northern Pre-Alps) and the M'Goun area (Moroccan central High Atlas), which became Global Geoparks in 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, the aim is to examine the effect of the Geopark label on the processes involved in making caves and karst heritage, grouped into the following three fields: (i) speleo-karstological exploration and research activities; (ii) protection strategies and actions; (iii) enhancement plans and actions, particularly educational and tourism-related.Les usages anciens et modernes des grottes ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches scientifiques. Il s’agit ici de les considérer dans une perspective patrimoniale, par une approche diachronique comparative de l’histoire et des modalités de l’exploration, de la protection et de la mise en valeur des cavités de deux territoires karstiques : le massif des Bauges (Préalpes du nord françaises) et la région du M’Goun (Haut Atlas central marocain), devenus Géoparcs mondiaux respectivement en 2011 et 2014. Il s’agit notamment d’interroger l’effet du label Géoparc sur les processus de patrimonialisation des grottes et du karst, regroupés dans les trois domaines suivants : (i) les activités d’exploration et de recherche spéléo-karstologiques ; (ii) les stratégies et actions de protection ; (iii) les plans et actions de valorisation, notamment éducative et touristique