Incidental histological changes in the canine central nervous system

The canine central nervous system pathology includes a series of histopathological changes, which are often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to insufficient research in this field. The aim of the present paper is to emphasize the main cerebral changes identified incidentally in the canine species, involving 38 dogs from the Department of Pathological Anatomy (FVM Cluj-Napoca), diagnosed with various pathologies that did not develop nervous symptoms. Gross and histological exams of the encephalus from all dogs were carried out. The main important incidental findings of canine nervous system were represented by lipofuscinosis (68,4%), cerebral congestion and edema (47,3%) hemosiderosis (28,9%), neuromelanosis (21%), neuronal necrosis associated with satellitosis and neuronophagia (13,1%), vascular mineralization and diffuse meningeal fibrosis (13,1%). Perivascular cuffing and gliosis (13,1%), corpora amilacea bodies (5,2%), spheroid bodies (5,2%), have also been identified with a lower incidence. There have also been single-case findings during this study, represented by Alzheimer type II astrocytes, a psammomatous-type meningioma and parasitic Neospora spp. cysts. Thus, the results obtained and presented in this paper contribute to the enhancement of knowledge regarding the main lesions of the central nervous system in dogs, most of which were, at times, asymptomatic

Epidemiological Aspects and Differential Diagnosis of the Cutaneous Round Cell Tumors in Dogs

Round cell neoplasms (RCNs) are frequent cutaneous lesions in dogs, with high percentages among skin tumors. In this category are included histiocytoma, mast cell tumor, plasmacytoma, lymphoma and transmissible venereal tumor. The aim of the study was to perform an epidemiological study with reference to the cutaneous round cell tumors in a period of 10 years in the Department of Pathology (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania). Additionally, in the recorded cases with round cell tumors (mast cell tumor, histiocytoma and lymphoma) we described the main histological and cytological features. The epidemiological data were collected from the records of Pathology Department between 2005-2014. The investigation included dogs diagnosed with cutaneous round cell neoplasms, following necropsy analysis or assessment of biopsies or cytological samples. All collected specimens were analyzed by histopathological and/or cytological techniques. The staining used for histological investigation were Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome and Toluidine blue, whereas Diff Quik and Wright methods were utilized in cytological specimens. The distribution of the cutaneous round cell tumors in relation to age, breed and sex was also assessed. The most frequent round cell tumor type was the mast cell tumor (19.54%) followed by histiocytoma (11.33%) and lymphoma (1.98%). The round cell tumors recorded were equally distributed in both males and females. Concerning the distribution of cutaneous RCNs by age (average age), histiocytoma occurred in 5 years old subjects, mast cell tumor in 11.9 years old subjects, and lymphoma in 6 years old subjects. Mast cell tumor was more frequent in stray dogs and Boxer breed, while histiocytoma occurred more commonly in stray dogs. Histological and cytological analysis was mandatory to perform the differential diagnosis between RCNs. Microscopic details concerning cytoplasm and nucleus of tumoral cells, together with the displaying mode in histological specimens may reveal the type of RCN. Cutaneous round cell tumors had an increased incidence, aspect observed in other reports too. The differential diagnosis has to rely on some specific microscopical features that can suggest the type of RCN

Canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis: a case report and review of the literature

Canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) is a subtype of a large group of idiopathic central nervous system diseases with a relatively high incidence (up to 25%) among dogs with central nervous system affection (Tipold, 1995). Neurological presentation of GME can vary from focal to multifocal, or ocular form. Histologically, GME is characterized by focal, disseminated or perivascular mononuclear cells spreading in the white matter and meninges (Coates and Jeffery, 2014). The aim of the current case report is to describe the pathological findings and to discuss the diagnostic features of this disease. Therefore, we should further emphasize the importance of this disease in current veterinary practice

Evaluation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism dynamics in chronic HCV diabetic patients treated with direct antiviral agents

Although Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a curable disease, the aftermath of the infection remains an important aspect to be evaluated. HCV infection is well known for its extrahepatic manifestations, mostly the tight relationship between HCV, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia. Not only HCV increases the risk of T2DM, but it also affects its control in diabetic patients, increasing the risk of diabetes related complications. Furthermore, HCV hijacks the lipid metabolism resulting in abnormalities in circulating lipids which can lead to multiple complications, such as increased atherosclerotic risk and hepatic steatosis. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in HCV-infected diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients after viral eradication. Material and methods. This is a prospective study conducted on 100 patients with chronic HVC infection who obtained viral clearance after interferon-free treatment. 58 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 42 were nondiabetic. We evaluated serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in both groups at treatment initiation and 1 year after. Continuous variables were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation or median, categorical variables were represented as relative or absolute frequencies. Characteristics were compared using the Mann-Whitney method or the two-sample Student's T-test method for continuous variables, Chi-square and Fischer's test for categorical variables. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Outcomes. The study analyzed and compared lipid and glycemic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic HVC patients before and after viral cure. Conclusions. 1 year after treatment initiation the changes in lipid metabolism seem to persist, carbohydrate metabolism seems to remain unchanged, with no differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on bone marrow morphology following cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia in rats

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is a glycoprotein that stimulates synthesis of granulocytes, especially of neutrophiles. It can be used to correct myelosupression associated with long-term chemotherapy or in the treatment of neutropenia. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of G-CSF on bone marrow after cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia in rats. The study was conducted on 24 female Wistar rats divided in 3 experimental groups; the control group, group of cyclophoshamide treated animals and the group of animals that were treated with Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor after neutropenia induction with cyclophosphamide. Cytological exam of bone marrow aspirates and histological exam from sternal bone marrow were realized using routine techniques. Examination of the aspirates taken from the femoral bone marrow and of the histological sections taken from the sternum showed a dramatic reduction in the number of myeloid precursors in individuals of group 2 which have been subjected to cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, while the administration of G-CSF to the individuals of group 3 induced marked proliferation of the myeloid precursor cells, correcting the myelosuppressive effect of the cyclophosphamide In conclusion, G-CSF can be used for the stimulation and mobilization of myeloid progenitor cells from the bone marrow

SOFTWARE FOR GRAPHIC POSTPROCESSING IN SEISM NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE BUILDINGS EQUIPPED WITH ANTISEISMIC DEVICES

This paper presents a graphic software made by the authors in Delphi programming in order to optimize the antiseismic device system of a building. The input data consists in the relative displacements for each story during the seism simulated with a certain accelerogram. The program can graphically process up to three data blocks obtained with GenEcAm software for the same building equipped with three different antiseismic systems. The advantage of this software is the graphical comparison of the story relative displacements during seism using different antiseismic system, in order to choose the best dissipative system for the building

Applied Study of the Fluidization Model of Logistics Transportation through the Prism of the Impact Generated on the Environment

A real problem of today’s society is the loss of human lives due to road accidents and the pollution caused by freight transport through metropolitan areas. The restrictions imposed in the near future for freight transport could reduce its efficiency and create many more problems. Using data centralization and developing applications or algorithms dedicated to the freight transportation sectors, routes and emissions can be managed much more efficiently. In this work, general aspects are presented, as well as a route optimization model for freight transport, taking into account the environmental impact, based on a heuristic algorithm, that of the ant colony (ACO). A multitude of studies has focused on what represents the benefits created by the applicability of solutions rather than on generalities and perspectives. The paper aims to highlight the usefulness of an optimization model of freight transport routes and the minimization of time and social costs. The study will show us that an optimized route for freight transport has a huge impact on costs, but also on time efficiency and polluting emissions