Reactive miscible displacement of light oil in porous media

We develop a theory for the problem of high pressure air injection into deep reservoirs containing light oil. Under these conditions, the injected fluid (oxygen + inert components) is completely miscible with the oil in the reservoir. Moreover, exothermic reactions between dissolved oxygen and oil are possible. We use Koval's model to account for the miscibility of the components, such that the fractional-flow functions resemble the ones from Buckley-Leverett flow. This allows to decompose the solution of this problem into a series of waves. We then proceed to obtain full analytical solutions in each wave. Of particular interest {is the case where} the combustion wave presents a singularity in its internal wave profile. Evaluation of the variables of the problem at the singular point determines the macroscopic parameters of the wave, i.e., combustion temperature, wave speed and downstream oil fraction. The waves structure was observed previously for reactive immiscible displacement and we describe it here for the first time for reactive miscible displacement of oil. We validate the developed theory using numerical simulations.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Abused Women Seeking Divorce

Coping strategies can lead to a reduction in suffering caused by stressful situations due to the role of initial maladaptive schemas. Therefore, the study of these factors can be effective in investigating the causes of divorce. The present study aimed to investigate the mentioned components in women seeking divorce due to spousal abuse and other women seeking divorce referred to forensic medicine in Ardabil province. The research method used was descriptive causal-comparative. The Young and Brown maladaptive schema questionnaire and the Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies were completed by 100 selected women (50 women seeking divorce due to spousal abuse and 50 women seeking divorce) using purposive sampling. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the initial maladaptive schemas of abused women from their husbands were significantly different from other women seeking divorce. Abused women had more maladaptive schemas than women seeking divorce for other reasons. Additionally, coping strategies of abused women from their husbands were significantly different from other women seeking divorce, with other causes being more common. According to the findings, the initial maladaptive schemas were higher among women seeking divorce due to spousal abuse than among other women seeking divorce. However, this study had limitations, including the lack of cooperation from Ardabil forensic clients. To reduce divorce rates, we suggest that skills and training programs related to increasing couples' adaptation practices in cohabitation be taught.‌Keywords Early Maladaptive Schemas, Coping Strategies, Divorce, Abused Women by Husband‌‌IntroductionIn recent decades, global social developments have confronted and threatened the family system with new changes, challenges, issues, and needs. When family functions, such as biological, social, cognitive, and emotional functions, are damaged one after another, their members gradually lose their sense of satisfaction (Kowah, 2015). The gradual decrease in family members' satisfaction first causes psychological rupture and then social rupture. Eventually, it becomes a legal event called a divorce (Oldham, 2017). Therefore, divorce is the most important threat against the foundation of the family (Ghotbi et al., 2004). Divorce is known as one of the most common social harms and its occurrence is increasing in industrial and non-industrial countries (Hezar Jaribi et al., 2017). According to the National Registration Organization, the divorce rate from 2006 to 2013 is more than 16% Has increased (Zareian and Sadidpour, 2017). Also, according to the statistics of the Civil Registration Organization, the number of marriages registered in 1396 compared to 1395, decreased by about 8% (51 thousand cases), while the number of divorces reached about 175 thousand cases, which is the highest number recorded in the history of Iran. (Sadegh Shirazi, 2018).Early maladaptive schemas are emotional and cognitive patterns of self-harm that are formed in the mind at the beginning of growth and development and continue throughout life (Sohrabi, Azami et al, 2014). As can be understood from this definition, schemas do not include the behaviour of individuals, but behavior is part of the coping responses that originate from schemas (Salavati and Yazdandoost, 2015). Early maladaptive schemas are one of the factors that can affect marital satisfaction (Young, Kloseco, & Wisshar, 2003). These schemas can affect a person's perception of various situations, such as sexual dysfunction, and are one of the most important etiological factors in the tendency to risky behaviours (Poliment, Morho-Gronert, 2010). , Affect the ability to feel intimacy and satisfaction from romantic and sexual relationships of couples (Chata and Wischman, 2014).Coping strategies refer to one's activities and efforts to manage problems and emotions and to influence physical and psychological consequences (Summerfield and McCray, 2000). These strategies are generally thought of as mediating variables that are called when experiencing a stressor and express the relationship between the stressor and its outcome (Hosseini et al., 2016). In other words, it is a set of cognitive and behavioural efforts that are used to interpret, interpret and correct a stressful situation and lead to a reduction in suffering (Schmidt et al., 2012). From the point of view of Lazarus and Folkman (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), confrontation is a dynamic phenomenon that shows the state of a person's cognitive and emotional efforts in the face of stressful factors or consequences. Lazarus states that more important than tension is the concept of coping, which plays an important role in adaptation and incompatibility. Sources of environmental stress, when strong and uncontrollable, affect a person's behaviour and disrupt his performance, and the amount of stress caused by environmental stressors depends on a person's mental judgment about the extent of the threat of stress (Lazarus, 1991). MethodologyThe research method was descriptive causal-comparative. The Young Young (1999) maladaptive schema questionnaire and Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies were completed by 100 selected women (50 women seeking divorce due to spousal abuse and 50 women seeking divorce) using purposive sampling. To analyze the data, an analysis of variance was used. ResultThe results showed that the initial maladaptive schemas of abused women from their husbands were significantly different from other women seeking a divorce so that in abused women it was more than the husband. Also, the coping strategies of abused women from their husbands were significantly different from other women seeking divorce, so it was more common in other women seeking a divorce. According to the findings, the initial maladaptive schemas were higher among women seeking divorce due to spousal abuse than other women seeking divorce. However, this study was accompanied by limitations such as the lack of cooperation of Ardabil forensic clients. It is suggested that skills and training programs related to increasing couples' adaptation practices in cohabitation be taught to reduce divorce rates

Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Combination of Flutamide-Cyproterone Compound with Flutamide-Doxycycline in Severe Female Acne

  Background & objectives: In recent years, the hypothesis of using anti-androgens has been increasingly addressed in the treatment of acne in women. One of these drugs is flutamide, which there is no strong evidence of its efficacy in treatment of acne in women. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combination therapy of flutamide-cyproterone compound with flutamide-doxycycline in severe type of acne in women. Methods: In an interventional study, patients were divided in to two groups. One group (n=30) received flutamide - cyproterone compound and another group (n=30) received flutamide-doxycycline which were followed for six months. Both groups also received 1% topical clindamycin twice a day. Counting the number of lesions, changes in severity index and grading of acne were used to evaluate the patients. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated. Results: The mean age in the flutamide-doxycycline group was 19.4±4.67 and in the flutamide-cyproterone compound group was 19.06±11.3. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean of the acne severity index at the onset of intervention between the two groups was not significant (p= 0.7). The mean of the acne severity index at the start of treatment in the flutamide-doxycycline group was 306.07±155.46 and at the end of treatment reached to 19.18±19.5, and also in the flutamide-cyproterone compound group, decreased from 293.21±15.21 to 10.5±21.8 at the end of treatment. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). Conclusion: Both therapeutic regimen were effective in the treatment of severe type of acne and can possibly be used as an alternative treatment for severe acne

Supplementary data for the package DIMOPREC (Development of a Well Impairment Model for Predicting Geothermal Clogging)

Water composition of four different geothermal fields in the west Netherlands basin. Annual meetings slide packages. PHREEQC/iCP/COMSOL input files for sensitivity analysis, field case and others. </ul

Supplementary data for the package DIMOPREC (Development of a Well Impairment Model for Predicting Geothermal Clogging)

Water composition of four different geothermal fields in the west Netherlands basin. Annual meetings slide packages. PHREEQC/iCP/COMSOL input files for sensitivity analysis, field case and others. </ul