A comparative study to evaluate endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as any variation from the normal menstrual cycle such as changes in regularity, frequency, duration of flow or amount of flow. Objective of this study was to compare the adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 250 women with AUB in age group of more than 40 years. In all patients, endometrial aspiration was done with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) syringe attached to 4 mm Karman's cannula without anesthesia. The sample was collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample A. After that, intracervical local anesthesia (1% Xylocaine) was given and cervix was dilated and scrapping of endometrial lining with sharp curette was done. The sample was also collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample B. Both the samples A and B were sent for histopathology. The histopathology report of aspiration was compared with that of dilatation and curettage sample.Results: Endometrial aspiration biopsy had sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 99.56% for diagnosis of endometrial pathology while considering D and C gold standard. The sample adequacy of endometrial aspiration was 98.8% as compared to dilatation and curettage (98%).Conclusions: Present study showed that endometrial aspiration biopsy is an alternate to traditional dilatation and curettage in diagnosing endometrial pathologies in women with abnormal uterine bleeding

A Hybrid MFCM-PSO Approach for Tree-Based Multi-Hop Routing Using Modified Fuzzy C-Means in Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) collects data from various monitoring systems using small sensor nodes (SNs). The WSN analyses and sends found data to the BS. SNs have a short lifespan, therefore the sensor network must gather and transmit data efficiently. Energy efficiency is the main difficulty in sensor network organisation. Sensor nodes require energy efficiency due to their high cost and limited capacity. This limitation significantly compromises the longevity of the network. The anticipated demands on a node’s battery determine its lifespan. Sensor networks must be resilient to sensor node lifetime reduction. Energy-efficient routing algorithms may increase the lifetime of multihop networks by selecting the most energy-efficient approach. Unfortunately, the present technique has performance issues. Modified Fuzzy C-Means with Particle Swarm Optimization (MFCM-PSO) is a novel hybrid clustering method that combines fuzzy c-means with particle swarm optimisation to address the shortcomings of existing methods that use FCM to determine cluster centres and then optimise them using PSO. The PSO helps choose the optimum number of clusters and CHs (Cluster Heads). This method uses 100 and 200 sensor nodes. We devised a hierarchical packet routing technique by introducing the concepts of Direct Cluster Head (DCH) and PCH (Parent Cluster Head), which are selected based on distinct FF (Fitness Functions) and act as relays for a limited number of other CHs, saving network energy. The simulation results show that the proposed MFCM-PSO method outperformed existing EEHCHR on scenario-1, with 28% for FND (First Node Dead), 23% for HND (Half Node Dead), and 19% for LND (Last Node Dead), and on scenario-2, 8% for FND, 23% for HND, and assumed 36% for LND since no node dies up to 1500 rounds. Thus, the simulation results suggest that the MFCM-PSO method improves coverage, network energy, and lifetime efficiency over the EEHCHR method

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NOVEL CHALCONE DERIVATIVES

Increased drug resistance in malaria toward many of the existing antimalarials make the condition worse. Hence, indicates the necessity of thenovel molecules to overcome the problem. A series of chalcone derivatives (3a-4e) were primed via Claisen-Schmidt condensation of substitutedaldehydes with substituted methyl ketones. These derivatives were tested against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolate for their antiplasmodialactivity. Furthermore, in-vitro β-hematin formation assay has been conducted in order to gain insight into the possible mechanism of action. Outof the 10 synthesized compounds, two compounds 4a and 4d exhibited promising antiplasmodial activities (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]values 7.45±0.65 and 6.01±0.29 μg/ml, respectively). Other compounds (3a, 4b, 4e and 3d) showed moderate inhibition against P. falciparum. Amongall the compounds, 4a showed good hemozoin inhibitory activity (IC50 - 19.75 μg/ml) while 3a and 4d showed moderate type inhibition. Thesemolecules may act as templates for medicinal chemistry to discover novel and hybrid molecules with improved characteristics, which may becomefuture candidates for the treatment of malaria.Keywords: Chalcone, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, β-hematin.Â

Proceedings of International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing

This proceeding contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the international conference, “Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing” (WREC’2021). WREC'21 was organized in online mode by Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (Punjab), INDIA during 22 – 24 April 2021. This conference was conceptualized with an objective to encourage and motivate women engineers and scientists to excel in science and technology and to be the role models for young girls to follow in their footsteps. With a view to inspire women engineers, pioneer and successful women achievers in the domains of VLSI design, wireless sensor networks, communication, image/ signal processing, machine learning, and emerging technologies were identified from across the globe and invited to present their work and address the participants in this women oriented conference. Conference Title: International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and ComputingConference Acronym: WREC'21Conference Date: 22–24 April 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDI

Book of Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences (ICAMCS-2022)

It is a great privilege for us to present the abstract book of ICAMCS-2022 to the authors and the delegates of the event. We hope that you will find it useful, valuable, aspiring, and inspiring. This book is a record of abstracts of the keynote talks, invited talks, and papers presented by the participants, which indicates the progress and state of development in research at the time of writing the research article. It is an invaluable asset to all researchers. The book provides a permanent record of this asset. Conference Title: 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational SciencesConference Acronym: ICAMCS-2022Conference Date: 12-14 October 2022Conference Organizers: DIT University, Dehradun, IndiaConference Mode: Online (Virtual