Contraceptive practices among reproductive age group of women in Justice K. S. Hegde Medical College Hospital, Mangalore

Background: India’s population as per 2011 census was 1.21 billion second only to china in the world, and is estimated to overtake china by 2050. India was the first country to launch National Family Planning Program in 1952. Even though various measures have been taken to encourage the usage of contraception but, the achievement in this field was not to the extent expected due to various social and cultural factors.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in out patients and inpatients of department of obstetrics and gynecology, Justice K. S. Hegde medical college hospital, Mangalore. The study constituted 705 subjects. It was an interview based study. The study was aimed to know the awareness, acceptance and prevalence of temporary and permanent contraceptive methods among the study group and various factors affecting the contraceptive usage.Results: A total of 705 women in the age group between 18-45 years were studied.  671 (95.2%) were aware of one or multiple methods of contraception, 615 (87.2 %) accepted the contraceptive practices, and 495 (71.2%) followed or are following contraception at the time of study. Of 705 women, 366 (51.9%) followed or used temporary methods, 227 (32.2%) followed permanent methods of contraception.Conclusions: Awareness about the contraception is not sufficient enough to use contraception in the community, also shows that more programs are required to combat the influence of various factors on contraception usage, and emphasizing on the positive effects of the use of contraception

A case of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with multiple endocrine gland involvement

Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors (SLCT) comprises an uncommon and heterogeneous group of ovarian neoplasms within sex-cord stromal category. Retiform type accounts to about 10-15% of all SLCTs and they are less androgenic than other variants. We present to you a 20 year old lady who came to us with features of virilisation and abdominal mass. Intra-operatively, mass arose from left ovary. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was done. Histopathological diagnosis was SLCT with retiform pattern and with a foci of heterologous elements. Interestingly, patient had undergone hemithyroidectomy at the age of 9 for thyroid adenoma. As a part of pre-operative work up, computed tomography revealed an incidental finding of adrenal adenoma but overnight dexamethasone suppression test was negative. There have been reports of association of thyroid conditions with SLCT but here we are reporting association of two endocrine glands (thyroid and adrenal) in the same patient

A SURVEY ON PROFIT MAXIMIZATION SCHEME WITH GUARANTEED QUALITY OF SERVICE

A fruitful and successful way to deal with give enlisting resources and organizations to customers on interest, appropriated registering has ended up being progressively popular. From cloud organization suppliers' perspective, advantage is a champion amongst the most basic thoughts, and it is generally controlled by the outline of a cloud organization stage under given business segment demand. In any case, a lone whole deal renting arrangement is regularly gotten to orchestrate a cloud stage, which can't guarantee the organization quality yet prompts honest to goodness resource waste. In this paper, a twofold resource renting arrangement is sketched out firstly in which transient renting and whole deal renting are joined going for the present issues. This twofold renting arrangement can sufficiently guarantee the way of organization of all sales and reduction the advantage misuse amazingly. Also, an organization structure is considered as a M/M/m+D lining model and the execution markers that impact the advantage of our twofold renting arrangement are inspected, e.g., the ordinary charge, the extent of sales that need break servers, and so forth. Thirdly, an advantage expansion issue is characterized for the twofold renting arrangement and the updated configuration of a cloud stage is gotten by handling the advantage enhancement issue. Finally, a movement of calculations is coordinated to take a gander at the event of our proposed arrangement with that of the single renting arrangement. The results show that our arrangement can't simply guarantee the organization way of all requesting, moreover get more advantage than the last said

Modernized IRNSS Broadcast Ephemeris Parameters

India has successfully stepped into satellite Navigation system with the launch of its first three IRNSS satellites IRNSS 1A, 1B and 1C.  IRNSS provides two types of services, Standard Posting Service (SPS), which is open for civilian use and the Restricted Service (RS), for authorized users.  The system is set to change the facet of navigation, surveying, transportation, precision agriculture, disaster management and telecommunication in India. In any navigation system, broadcast navigation parameters are of paramount importance in arriving user position solution at user receiver end. IRNSS Navigation data is classified as primary and secondary Navigation parameters. Primary navigation data of a satellite principally represents its own orbit and onboard clock offset in the form of quasi-keplerian elements and clock coefficients (Bias, Drift and Drifts rate) respectively. Whereas secondary navigation parameters includes satellite almanac, ionosphere delay correction messages, differential corrections, Earth orientation parameters and  IRNSS Time offset with respect to other GNSS. In existing IRNSS system satellite ephemeris of primary navigation parameters are broadcast in the form of 15 quasi-keplerian elements valid for a period of 2 hours or more. Spacecraft ephemeris which represents orbit in the form of 9 parameters, i.e., position, velocity and acceleration component of spacecraft in Cartesian coordinate system are chosen from Russian Global Navigation satellite system (Glonass) to improve Time to First Fix (TTFF) of IRNSS system with similar existing orbit accuracy. In addition, two models of user receiver orbit propagation algorithms with proposed ephemeris are briefed and their results are compared with standalone Glonass model. Generation of IRNSS ephemeris in Cartesian coordinate system and description of user receiver orbit propagation algorithms using new type of ephemeris to get user position solution is the scope of this paper.. Keywords: IRNSS, TTFF (Time to First Fix), Broadcast ephemeri

Noncovalent Modulation of Chemoselectivity in the Gas Phase Leads to a Switchover in Reaction Type from Heterolytic to Homolytic to Electrocyclic Cleavage

In the gas phase, thermal activation of supramolecular assemblies such as host-guest complexes leads commonly to noncovalent dissociation into the individual components. Chemical reactions, for example of encapsulated guest molecules, are only found in exceptional cases. As observed by mass spectrometry, when 1-amino-methyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene (DBOA) is complexed by the macrocycle β-cyclodextrin, its protonated complex undergoes collision-induced dissociation into its components, the conventional reaction pathway. Inside the macrocyclic cavity of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7), a competitive chemical reaction of monoprotonated DBOA takes place upon thermal activation, namely a stepwise homolytic covalent bond cleavage with the elimination of N2 , while the doubly protonated CB7⋅DBOA complex undergoes an inner-phase elimination of ethylene, a concerted, electrocyclic ring-opening reaction. These chemical reaction pathways stand in contrast to the gas-phase chemistry of uncomplexed monoprotonated DBOA, for which an elimination of NH3 predominates upon collision-induced activation, as a heterolytic bond cleavage reaction. The combined results, which can be rationalized in terms of organic-chemical reaction mechanisms and density-function theoretical calculations, demonstrate that chemical reactions in the gas phase can be steered chemoselectively through noncovalent interactions

Association of dopamine receptor polymorphisms with schizophrenia and antipsychotic response in a South Indian population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alterations in the dopamine transmission and receptor density are hypothesized in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia but ethnic disparities are reported to exist in disease association and therapeutic response to psychotropic medication. Antipsychotics have higher binding affinity to D2 subtype of dopamine receptor. DRD2 Cys311, TaqIB1 and TaqIA1 variants are considered to have either reduced affinity for dopamine and hypo-dopaminergic activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined the role of Taq1B, Taq1D, S311C, H313H and Taq1A polymorphisms of DRD2 gene in schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment response in 213 patients and 196 controls from a homogenous South Indian population. A more detailed genotype phenotype association analysis was carried out to understand the disease in terms of its socio-cultural factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>H313HTT genotype was found to be associated with schizophrenia (P = 0.004) while TaqIB1B1 genotype was significantly associated with higher psychopathology score. When treatment response was considered H313HCC, TaqIA2A2 and Taq1D1D1 had higher mean improvement scores. TaqID1D1 and H313HTT genotype were found to be significantly higher in responders than in nonresponder group. Distinct shift in the LD patterns of responder and non-responder group was observed. Certain symptoms were characteristic of our patient population. Following medication the scores and presentation of these symptoms tend to vary in the responder and non-responder groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based on genotype phenotype correlations it can be suggested that certain polymorphisms can be defined for their critical functions in disease and their role in treatment response in South Indian population. The present study suggests that in addition to ethnic bias, socio-cultural factors should also be considered while evaluating genotype phenotype correlations, in association and treatment response to complex disorders like schizophrenia.</p

Simulation of IRNSS Navigation Payload Operations for End to End Payload Testing

Fault free operations of space vehicles have always been a challenging task. Every space mission requires stringent qualification process on ground for qualification of the space vehicle for mission operations. This paper deals with the simulation of IRNSS navigation payload operations on ground for end to end payload testing and qualification of the payload for broadcast of IRNSS navigation parameters. IRNSS is an emerging Indian regional navigation satellite system for providing the satellite based navigation service over India and neighboring region. The system is optimally designed for its space and ground segment to provide the best in class navigation service. The space segment comprises of 7 satellites with 4 satellites in geo-synchronous orbit and 3 in geo-stationary orbit. The navigation payload on-board every IRNSS spacecraft comprises of navigation signal generation unit, atomic clocks and ranging subsystems. For every IRNSS spacecraft, a series of tests are carried out during different phases of spacecraft integration and testing. The core elements of IRNSS navigation operations such as IRNSS navigation software, payload test receiver, atomic clocks and telecommand and telemetry subsystem all participate in simulation and end to end testing of navigation payload. This paper describes in detail the simulation of various mission scenarios with respect to navigation payload operations considering different phases of satellite operations, subsystems involved and environment. The simulation has been key to successful operations of IRNSS 1A and IRNSS 1B which are operational in IRNSS space segment. Keywords: IRNSS, Navigation, payload, simulatio

Predictores del síndrome premenstrual: resultados de un grupo focal de adolescentes tardías en un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Un enfoque de método mixto

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by the cyclic occurrence of physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms during the menstrual cycle. It is evident from the literature that PMS is a common problem in all over the globe as majority (77.5%) of women believe it has a significant impact on their lives. This study aimed to determine the incidence, intensity and factors influencing PMS among adolescent girls. A mixed method approach was adopted with descriptive design for assessing the incidence and intensity (Quantitative) and FGD for determining the factors influencing PMS (Qualitative). The sample comprised of 100 students from a private college of Nursing under (xxxx) who fulfilled the selection criteria and selected by random sampling. By using Standardized Stainer and Wilkin’s PMS diagnostic criteria tool the incidence and intensity of PMS was assessed and 10 volunteer students with criteria &gt;10 (moderate and severe) were for FGD. The results revealed that 86% of the participants were having PMS. Twenty-four percentage reported mild symptoms, where as 54% and 8 % had moderate and severe PMS respectively.&nbsp; Thematic analysis revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are influencing PMS.&nbsp; As conclusion, it is proved that PMS is found to be an important health issue influenced by lifestyle factors (The highest number of codes found in thematic analysis) among adolescent girls and surging day by day with intensity. Its an urgent need of motivating them continuously with an educational program regarding the factors of PMS and its after effects.Contexto: El SPM (SPM) se caracteriza por la aparición cíclica de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y de comportamiento antes del ciclo menstrual. De la literatura se desprende que es un problema común en todo el mundo, ya que 77.5% de las mujeres encuestadas afirmaron presentarlo y que tiene un impacto significativo en sus vidas. Objetivos: Este estudio se propuso determinar la incidencia, la intensidad y los factores predictivos del SPM entre un grupo de adolescentes hindués. Entorno y diseño: Un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Método mixto, con diseño descriptivo. Métodos y material: La muestra consistió de 100 estudiantes que cumplieron los criterios de selección por muestreo aleatorio, para evaluar la incidencia y la intensidad de la presencia del SPM (cuantitativas). De ellas, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes para una discusión en grupo focal (DFG) con el fin de determinar los predictores cualitativos del SPM. Incidencia e intensidad del SPM se evaluaron mediante la herramienta de criterios de diagnóstico, estandarizados por Stainer y Wilkin, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes voluntarias con criterios &gt;10 (moderado y grave) para la DFG. Análisis estadístico utilizado: temático y descriptivo. Resultados: 86% de las participantes experimentaban SPM; 24% declararon síntomas leves, 54% y 8% moderados y graves, respectivamente. El análisis reveló que tanto factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos influyen sobre la presencia y experiencia del SPM. Conclusiones: El SPM es un importante problema de salud en el que influyen factores relacionados con el estilo de vida de las adolescentes, va en aumento y urge motivar continuamente a las adolescentes mediante programas educativos

Crisis in the NICU and the Medley with Midazolam

Epidemiologic studies of human patients have revealed a correlation between childhood exposure to general anesthetic and sedative agents and subsequent cognitive deficits. This association is supported by data from animal models, which shows that developmental exposure to both anesthetics and sedatives causes lasting impairments in learning. This study focused on midazolam (MDZ), a common benzodiazepine regularly used as a sedative agent on neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, a knowledge gap that remains is how long-term exposure to MDZ during very early stages of life impacts synaptic alterations and neurobiological mechanisms. Elucidation of these mechanisms is of high clinical importance and may develop neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for optimizing outcomes for uniquely vulnerable NICU populations. Using a preclinical rodent model system, we mimicked a dose-escalation regimen from postnatal day 3 (P3) pups until P21 to comprehensively characterize how early-life exposure to MDZ impacts neurodevelopment outcomes at different tiers ─ phenotypic, molecular, behavioral, and high throughput- “omics” levels. Our data demonstrated that repetitive exposure to MDZ at an early age stunts neurodevelopment during the early stages of life disrupts the blood-brain barrier, and alters the synaptic components and neurochemistry, which may be indicative of behavioral deficits at later development. Additionally, our bioinformatics analysis from purified synaptosome identified enrichment of proteins associated with actin-binding and protein depolymerization process. One potential hit identified was alpha adducin (ADD1), belonging to the family of cytoskeleton proteins, upregulated in the MDZ group and whose expression was further validated by western blot. Our study has provided a comprehensive characterization of MDZ effects on development at multiple tiers yielding novel insights on how long-term exposure to MDZ impacts development. Notably, the identification of ADD1 as a potential target and further characterization of its downstream mechanisms can give additional insights into its role as a potential therapeutic for treating neurodevelopmental alterations associated with long-term MDZ use in neonates.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/chri_forum/1056/thumbnail.jp