Time influence of tunnel support on the factor of safety

Before taking any measures to build a tunnel, the rock (soil) is in a primary stress state, which means that the stress state is a function of the thickness of the overburden. At the moment when the measures necessary to excavate a tunnel are taken, the rock state changes from primary to secondary, leading to stress concentration, especially in the tunnel abutments. If the rock is capable of accepting these stresses, a state of equilibrium is reached after certain deformations. Plastic deformations can occur if the stresses are larger than the strength of the rock mass. To avoid excessive deformations or collapse of the rock and the tunnel excavation, it is necessary to place a support. The achieved factor of safety is a function of both the support type and the time when the support is installed. This paper shall present a numerical example of different pressures considered in order to obtain the rock’s reaction curve

Review on the Pavement-repairing Measures as a Condition for the Choice of Road-Maintenance Strategy

The road-maintenance strategies vary from one country to another, and even between the road management authorities within a one single country. It is not surprising, as there is not best maintenance method, nor a universal set of strategies that can be applied equally everywhere. Generally, there are strategies acceptable in certain conditions, but the factors influencing the selection process are diverse and very complex. This paper will present a review of the various measures that can be applied on the roads, which is certainly the basic condition of selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy

Methodology for analysing capacity and level of service for signalized intersections (HCM 2000)

The augmentation of motorization level leads us to the need for mobility and demands better infrastructure, in urban and suburban areas. The complexity of this problem is esspecialy notable in urbаn areas where the need for mobility must be considered, as well as the integration of infrastructure network in the urban plan of the city. Besides the space delimitations, functional characteristics and space demands connected with different transportation in cities. This methodology analyses the needs of the urban traffic network in highly populated areas, where space limitation and movements in peak hours must be considered. That is why the analysis of capacity and level of service is key part of the urban traffic planning. Highway Capacity Manual gives the opportunity to analyse the capacity and level of service of the roads in urban or rural areas, by defining the delay of the analysed facilities. To obtain these information, we must have data for geometric, traffic and signalization parameters, when the intersection is signalized

Review on the Pavement-repairing Measures as a Condition for the Choice of Road-Maintenance Strategy

The road-maintenance strategies vary from one country to another, and even between the road management authorities within a one single country. It is not surprising, as there is not best maintenance method, nor a universal set of strategies that can be applied equally everywhere. Generally, there are strategies acceptable in certain conditions, but the factors influencing the selection process are diverse and very complex. This paper will present a review of the various measures that can be applied on the roads, which is certainly the basic condition of selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy

Reconstruction of the protective barrier on the highways in the republic of North Macedonia pursuant to the MKS en1317 standard

The purpose of this paper is to offer an approach to elaboration of technical documentationon the reconstruction of tghe existing protective barriers, as pursuant to the MKS EN 1317 standard, on all the roads in the Republic of North Macedonia. The current situation regarding the protective barriers on the motorways is the following: short protective lengths (shorter than the tested one), unprotected obstacles (non-standards boards, portals, road lamps, concrete pillars, tunnel portals, logs etc.), protection of third persons is not taken into consideration, Inappropriate application of the U.S4 standard (use of aluminum instead of steel profiles, barriers of metal sheets thinner than the standard ones, inappropriate pillars, bolts of lower quality than the prescribed one, larger distance between pillars, thinner anti-corrosion layer etc.) The new EN1317 standard dictates complete coverage of all the above cited shortcomings, regardless of whether positions that do not exist in the previous standard or omissions upon designing or performance are considered. The paper shall present the actual problems identified upon the design with permanent protection and their elimination with the new standard of MKS EN 1317

Traffic safety as a factor of improving logistics in construction sector

Security is a complex problem. It includes the driver’s behavior, the features of the vehicle, those of the road and the driving conditions. Security can be approached from the aspect of the vehicle and pavement design, of driving habits, traffic regulation and application of laws. The good coordination of the driver, the vehicle and the road enables for better estimation of the traffic safety relations and interrelations giving the possibilities of improvement of the situation at present and in future. The driver has the main role in the determination of the success or failure of the road system. Over 90% of the accidents are due to improper behavior of people in traffic. Understanding of the human factors is the key factor in the optimal road design and traffic flow. Nevertheless, engineers need more understanding about driving behavior, as they are responsible for road design, for the traffic flow, and for the regulations intended to avoid errors wherever possible. The purpose of this paper is to inform about the current situation both in practice and in the researches of traffic safety, as well as to yield a broader review of the actual traffic safety situation on the roads in Republic of Macedonia

Traffic safety as a factor of improving logistics in construction sector

Security is a complex problem. It includes the driver’s behavior, the features of the vehicle, those of the road and the driving conditions. Security can be approached from the aspect of the vehicle and pavement design, of driving habits, traffic regulation and application of laws. The good coordination of the driver, the vehicle and the road enables for better estimation of the traffic safety relations and interrelations giving the possibilities of improvement of the situation at present and in future. The driver has the main role in the determination of the success or failure of the road system. Over 90% of the accidents are due to improper behavior of people in traffic. Understanding of the human factors is the key factor in the optimal road design and traffic flow. Nevertheless, engineers need more understanding about driving behavior, as they are responsible for road design, for the traffic flow, and for the regulations intended to avoid errors wherever possible. The purpose of this paper is to inform about the current situation both in practice and in the researches of traffic safety, as well as to yield a broader review of the actual traffic safety situation on the roads in Republic of Macedonia