Interleukin-6: Unravelling its role in sarcopenia pathogenesis and exploring therapeutic avenues

This review explores the intricate relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and sarcopenia, a prevalent condition characterized by progressive skeletal muscle loss, particularly in aging populations. Emphasizing the rising prevalence and health challenges posed by sarcopenia, the paper delves into the multifunctional roles of IL-6 in immune response, inflammation and inflammaging associated with sarcopenia. Significantly elevated in sarcopenic individuals, IL-6 prompts an exploration of its molecular impact on muscle wasting. The review critically assesses IL-6 as a potential biomarker for sarcopenia diagnosis and prognosis while also examining therapeutic interventions targeting IL-6 signaling pathways, offering a foundation for future research and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to alleviate the impact of this debilitating condition

A 36-year-old woman with a parathyroid cyst

Background: Parathyroid cysts are rare entities. They account for less than 0.5% of parathyroid lesions. They are divided into two main groups: functioning and non-functioning. Case description: We present a 36- year-old woman with complaints of palpitations, sweating, and nervousness of about 2 months’ duration. From an ultrasound of the thyroid gland with data on anechoic formation under the lower pole of the left lobe of the thyroid gland with dimension 14/16/24 mm. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the formation was performed with aspiration of about 5 ml of clear liquid and examination of washout. PTH from the washout of the extrathyroidal lesion-1040 pg/ml. A month later with ultrasound data on recurrence of the formation; repeated aspiration of about 5 ml of blood fluid was performed with subsequent application of 1 ml of absolute alcohol intranodal. Conclusion: Thirty days after the procedure with ultrasound data of slight regression in the dimension: 10/11/20 mm

Relationship of serum Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional liver-derived glycoprotein that is associated with insulin resistance and might play a role in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: This study evaluated the relationship of Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. Materials and methods: total 120 obese patients were included. They were divided into three groups: group 1 – without carbohydrate disturbances, group 2 – with prediabetes and group 3 – with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Higher Fetuin-A serum levels were observed in patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared to those with normoglycemia. Fetuin-A ≥821 mcg/ml increased the risk for T2DM 32-fold. Additionally, we found positive correlations between Fetuin-A, vibration perception threshold and toe-brachial index and a negative correlation with neuropathy disability score. Conclusion: Fetuin-A could be predictive for incidents of prediabetes and T2DM

Relationship of serum Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional liver-derived glycoprotein that is associated with insulin resistance and might play a role in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: This study evaluated the relationship of Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. Materials and methods: total 120 obese patients were included. They were divided into three groups: group 1 – without carbohydrate disturbances, group 2 – with prediabetes and group 3 – with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Higher Fetuin-A serum levels were observed in patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared to those with normoglycemia. Fetuin-A ≥821 mcg/ml increased the risk for T2DM 32-fold. Additionally, we found positive correlations between Fetuin-A, vibration perception threshold and toe-brachial index and a negative correlation with neuropathy disability score. Conclusion: Fetuin-A could be predictive for incidents of prediabetes and T2DM