83 research outputs found

    Unpredictability of hip behavior in Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: A mid-term assessment of siblings

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    SummaryDyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is a rare spondylo-epiphyseal disease, which almost constantly leads to both bilateral hip degeneration and dislocation. Few authors have reported to date the surgical management of this orthopaedic disorder. We present two new cases affecting siblings. One brother was treated by unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy combined with varus osteotomy of the proximal femur; the other was treated by bilateral Pemberton osteotomies with varus osteotomy of the proximal femur. At a respective 5-year and 3-year follow-up delay, both cases had evolved towards progressive subluxation recurrence along with severe hip degeneration. Based on both our experience and literature review, it seems that one should avoid operating these hips unless pain renders surgery mandatory. Total hip arthroplasty seems the only reliable surgical solution at the adult age and paediatric surgeons should keep in mind that previous femoral osteotomies will make it more challenging for adult orthopaedic surgeons to implant on a remodeled anatomy

    THERMIDE : un programme de recherche pour optimiser les opérations de mise en forme et de traitements thermiques de composants métalliques

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    L'objectif du programme THERMIDE est d'optimiser le procédé de fabrication des composants métalliques par une meilleure maîtrise des déformations et le contrôle de la taille de grain. Devant la complexité du problème, une attention particulière est portée à la modélisation de la recristallisation dynamique activée durant la déformation à chaud des métaux. Les applications portent sur différentes nuances d'acier pour composants nucléaires ainsi qu'un matériau « école » (le tantale). La simulation d'un traitement thermique est également abordée dans l'intention de valider le logiciel FORGE®

    Bmcc1s, a Novel Brain-Isoform of Bmcc1, Affects Cell Morphology by Regulating MAP6/STOP Functions

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    The BCH (BNIP2 and Cdc42GAP Homology) domain-containing protein Bmcc1/Prune2 is highly enriched in the brain and is involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and cell survival. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for these functions are poorly defined. Here, we have identified Bmcc1s, a novel isoform of Bmcc1 predominantly expressed in the mouse brain. In primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, Bmcc1s localized on intermediate filaments and microtubules and interacted directly with MAP6/STOP, a microtubule-binding protein responsible for microtubule cold stability. Bmcc1s overexpression inhibited MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability by displacing MAP6 away from microtubules. It also resulted in the formation of membrane protrusions for which MAP6 was a necessary cofactor of Bmcc1s. This study identifies Bmcc1s as a new MAP6 interacting protein able to modulate MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability. Moreover, it illustrates a novel mechanism by which Bmcc1 regulates cell morphology

    Angiotensin II Facilitates Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis

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    Breast cancer metastasis is a leading cause of death by malignancy in women worldwide. Efforts are being made to further characterize the rate-limiting steps of cancer metastasis, i.e. extravasation of circulating tumor cells and colonization of secondary organs. In this study, we investigated whether angiotensin II, a major vasoactive peptide both produced locally and released in the bloodstream, may trigger activating signals that contribute to cancer cell extravasation and metastasis. We used an experimental in vivo model of cancer metastasis in which bioluminescent breast tumor cells (D3H2LN) were injected intra-cardiacally into nude mice in order to recapitulate the late and essential steps of metastatic dissemination. Real-time intravital imaging studies revealed that angiotensin II accelerates the formation of metastatic foci at secondary sites. Pre-treatment of cancer cells with the peptide increases the number of mice with metastases, as well as the number and size of metastases per mouse. In vitro, angiotensin II contributes to each sequential step of cancer metastasis by promoting cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells, trans-endothelial migration and tumor cell migration across extracellular matrix. At the molecular level, a total of 102 genes differentially expressed following angiotensin II pre-treatment were identified by comparative DNA microarray. Angiotensin II regulates two groups of connected genes related to its precursor angiotensinogen. Among those, up-regulated MMP2/MMP9 and ICAM1 stand at the crossroad of a network of genes involved in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Our data suggest that targeting angiotensin II production or action may represent a valuable therapeutic option to prevent metastatic progression of invasive breast tumors

    Modulation of dendritic spine development and plasticity by BDNF and vesicular trafficking: fundamental roles in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation and autism

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    The process of axonal and dendritic development establishes the synaptic circuitry of the central nervous system (CNS) and is the result of interactions between intrinsic molecular factors and the external environment. One growth factor that has a compelling function in neuronal development is the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF participates in axonal and dendritic differentiation during embryonic stages of neuronal development, as well as in the formation and maturation of dendritic spines during postnatal development. Recent studies have also implicated vesicular trafficking of BDNF via secretory vesicles, and both secretory and endosomal trafficking of vesicles containing synaptic proteins, such as neurotransmitter and neurotrophin receptors, in the regulation of axonal and dendritic differentiation, and in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Several genes that are either mutated or deregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation have now been identified, and several mouse models of these disorders have been generated and characterized. Interestingly, abnormalities in dendritic and synaptic structure are consistently observed in human neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation, and in mouse models of these disorders as well. Abnormalities in dendritic and synaptic differentiation are thought to underlie altered synaptic function and network connectivity, thus contributing to the clinical outcome. Here, we review the roles of BDNF and vesicular trafficking in axonal and dendritic differentiation in the context of dendritic and axonal morphological impairments commonly observed in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mental retardation

    Traitement des scolioses infantiles et juvéniles par corsets plâtrés : état des lieux, techniques et perspectives

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    RÉSUMÉ • Introduction : Les scolioses infantiles et juvéniles représentent, parmi les déformations rachidiennes, un défi pour les chirurgiens orthopédistes pédiatriques. Si le traitement par corsets plâtrés est actuellement considéré comme la méthode de référence dans les scolioses infantiles (SI) idiopathiques, son efficacité dans les scolioses juvéniles (SJ) et congénitales (SC) est beaucoup plus discutée, et moins étudiée. Le but de cet article est de faire l’état des lieux via une revue de la littérature des résultats du traitement par corsets plâtrés chez les patients avec une SI, SJ ou SC en abordant les complications décrites au sein de ces études. Méthodes: Nous avons effectué la recherche au sein des bases de données PUBMED Medline et EMBASE allant de Janvier 1955 à Janvier 2021, avec les termes de recherche suivants : • congenital scoliosis/scoliose congénitale • early onset scoliosis/scoliose à début précoce • serial casting/ corsets successifs • EDF casting/corset EDF • Risser frame/ cadre de Risser • Cotrel frame/cadre de Cotrel • et children/ enfants ; les limites suivantes ont été utilisées : • langue anglaise • langue française et • tous les enfants de 0 à 10 ans. Les résultats de chaque article ont été compilés au sein d’un tableau comparatif détaillant pour chacun, la date de publication, les auteurs, le type de scoliose étudié (SI et SJ, idiopathique ou syndromique, et SC), l’âge moyen des patients au début du traitement, le taux de correction (angle de Cobb) et le délai entre la fin du traitement et l’éventuelle prise en charge chirurgicale. Les complications retrouvées dans ces études ont également été répertoriées, comptabilisées et classées. Résultats: Un total de 32 articles a été analysé. La réalisation de corsets plâtrés successifs est une alternative efficace à la chirurgie chez les patients atteints de scoliose à début précoce. Sa réalisation est systématiquement associée à une diminution de l’angle de Cobb moyen chez les patients atteints de SI idiopathique ou non. Son efficacité dans les SJ et SC est plus discutée mais elle permet de retarder la prise en charge chirurgicale au prix de peu de complications, majoritairement réversibles et peu sévères. Conclusion: Aucune étude au sein de ce travail ne fait état de contre-indication ou de complications sévères impliquées par la réalisation de corsets plâtrés dans les scolioses à début précoce. Le traitement par corsets plâtrés successifs permet de retarder le traitement chirurgical dont le taux de complications est plus élevé. En règle générale, l’efficacité du traitement par corset est d’autant plus importante que l’enfant est jeune (< 2 ans), que le traitement est mis en place tôt et sur de faibles courbures initiales
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