The Influence of Climatic Conditions on The Vegetative Development of Vine Varieties Grapes Grown inThe Wine-Growing Center - Copou Iași

Environmental factors in a vineyard ecosystem form a complex of factors which are interdependent and can restrict, hinder or stimulate the growth and development of the vine. The singular or cumulative effects of climatic risks and identification of most vulnerable areas are basic criteria in elaborating and founding a decisional system for long term agro-climatic management. In the last years, the changes of the environmental factors have become more and more visible. The repercussions are registered in thevineyard system as well; the grape varieties alter their annual life cycle. In the northern area of Romania, an increase of the thermal regime and a decrease of rains led to a thermic and hydric stress of plants. The climatic changes of the last years, more or less at random, can seriously harm the homogeneity of viticultural biocenotic conditions, with unpredictable implications on the quantity and quality of the grape harvest. This study aims to contribute scientific and practical on how the climatic factors in the years 2012/2013, as atypical, influenced vegetative growth and further development of grapevines varieties ‘Gelu’ and ‘Paula’ compared with ‘Aromat de Iași’

Evidenţa principalilor agenţi patogeni şi dăunători ai viţei de vie şi controlul fitosanitar al acestora în condiţiile climatice ale anului 2019

The careful monitoring of vineyards plays a particularly important role in creating forecasts and warnings to help combat the main pathogens and pests. Mainvine diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew and gray rot can cause significant production losses if not combated according to well-established phytosanitary programs. On the other hand, their irrational control can lead to the emergence of phytotoxicity phenomena, or forms of resistance to pests. The present paper aims to present the evolution of the main viticultural diseases that appeared in the SCDVV Iaşi vineyards, in the climatic conditions of 2019

Research on artificial infection to sunflower leaves grown in conditions of the Ezăreni Farm

Sunflower is the most imporant oil crop grown in Romania, with wide use in the food and industry sector. The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, is a class Ascomycetes, order Heliotiales, family Sclerotinacea. The disease causes economic losses in entire world, particulary the culture on sunflower, Helianthus annuus, was the object of research and disease for decades (Gulya et al., 1997). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib. de Bary) was described in 1837 by Libert and indentified by Fuckel in 1861(Purdy) is the fungus that causes the most damage up to 100% in many cultures(Sackston, 1992). In all temperate climates regions in the world, white rot disease is the most important, because the fungus remains in the ground,for a period of many years, and range of host plants. This fungus attacks various organs of the plant, the root, stem, leaveas, and head root. This fungus is a parasite polifag which attack over 400 plant species belonging to 75 botanical families, of which many species are plants of cultura of a particular importance in agricultura (sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans) (Boland and Hall 1994). For developing hybrids with genetic resistance, we must reduce the loss caused by this pathogen. The objective in this study was to test some sunflower hybrids under Ezăreni farm with resistant pathogen attack

Evaluarea stării de conservare a biodiversităţii ecosistemelor din centrul viticol Copou Iaşi

n order to assess the positive impact of the implementation of bio-resources, the greening system and multifunctional protection areas, on the functional biodiversity in the vineyard ecosystems of the vine plantations under the administration of the Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Iasi, six experimental plots were selected, which have native varieties, older and newer, recent creations, varieties of table grapes and wine grapes. The conservation status of biodiversity was assessed by means of two indicators, namely the quantity of semi-natural elements in the landscape of the vineyard holding and their quality. Following the assessment of the conservation status of the agroecological infrastructures (IAE) within the studied wine perimeter, it was found that these have on average a medium to good status, being able to apply corrective measures

Researches on resistance some sunflower hybrids to the artificial infection with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Among the main diseases that cause significant production (quantitative and qualitative), decreases in sunflower, the white rot (white rot, white mould) is frequently met. It is also know as wet rot (cottony soft rot, watery soft rot), and withering (wilt), cancer (canker), etc. (Mordue and Holliday, 1976). Disease known to be spread rapidly, it can be found in several regions of the country, particularly in Moldavia. The fungus attacks different organs of the plant: roots, stems, leaves, capitulum (Castano et al., 1987). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a parasite attacks over 400 plant species of 75 botanical families, of which many species are crops with particular importance in agriculture (sunflower, rapeseed, soybean). This disease produces losses of yield due to its virulence in certain environmental conditions and due to the impossibility of compliance a rotation by most farmers. In this study, we have tested the resistance of some sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) to the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The research material is represented by 12 commercial sunflower hybrids. For the artificial inoculation, we have used the method provided by Rashid (1997). For the artificial infection, we have used 2 isolates the fungus, provided from Romania and Germany. There have been noticed differences in virulence of the pathogen isolates used and also differences in the response of the studied genotypes. Sunflower genotypes responded differently to artificial inoculation with two isolates of Sclerotinia depending on the environmental conditions of the year 2011, at the Ezăreni teaching resort from Iasi. Thus, the Iasi isolate, behaved in a more aggressive way, compared to the Giessen isolate, which presented lower virulence

Study of some polyphenolic extracts obtained from pressed grape skins

Due to their biologically active properties, polyphenols convert waste into attractive sources for the medical and pharmaceutical products, their traditional management being varied towards other technological processes. The identification of active principles derived from the polyphenolic extracts obtained from pressed grape marc can help create an alternative use and recovery of by-products of wine, fact which increases their economic value. It also helps assess the oenological potential of vine varieties and thus to assess their beneficial properties in maintaining metabolic balance and health of the human body. In this context, the research in this paper aim to characterise the extracts obtained from pressed grape marc by identifying and quantifying the major polyphenolic compounds in their composition. To study the influence of the maceration technology on the content of polyphenolic compounds from byproducts of the winemaking process, grape samples of Fetească neagră, Băbească neagră, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Arcaş grape varieties were processed using classical maceration, thermo-maceration, microwave maceration and rotary tanks maceration (ROTO-tanks). The obtained polyphenolic extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), several phenolic acids, stilbenes (trans-resveratrol) non-hydrolysable tannins (catechin and epicatechin), some flavones (rutin and quercitin), and a number of anthocyan compounds being identified and quantified. The results of the preliminary characterization showed quite similar values in the content of total polyphenols and tannoid matters index. The maceration variants did not affect the amount of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. The other polyphenolic compounds that were identified varied depending on the grape variety and maceration technology used. The obtained data justifies the use of pressed grape marc as raw material to obtain polyphenolic extracts, recommending further research on its biologically active properties (antiradical, antioxidant, cytotoxic and cytostatic)

Caracterizarea agrobiologică şi tehnologică a unor elite clonale pentru struguri de vin obţinute în cadrul S.C.D.V.V. Iaşi

Autochthonous and cosmopolitan grapevines varieties representa valuable source of germoplasm, which is particularly important for the breedingof the currently cultivated genotypes.Thestructural improvement of the national viticulturalassortment is supported by scientific research in the field of vine breeding, whose mission was and is to renew, diversify and increase the biological value of the vine assortment bycreating new qualitative and productive genotypes with superiorresistance todisease and stress factors, through both genetic engineering and clonal selection. The present paper contains the results obtained at the Research Development Stationfor Viticulture and Winemaking Iasi, referring to the agrobiological and technological characteristics of clonal elites selected from the populations of the varieties: Sauvignon blanc, Pinot gris and Cabernet Sauvignon. The clonal elites obtained, through the cultural and qualitative features for which they were selected, complementarily contribute to achievement of high quality grape productions

Valorificarea reziduului vegetal de seminţe de struguri rezultat din procesele extractive ale compuşilor fenolici

The stepwise extraction process of phenolic compounds from grape seeds ultimately leads to the production of a residue rich in protein, cellulose and substances without nitrogen which can be biodegraded in nature by microorganisms from the soil. The purpose of this research was to verify whether the vegetable residue of grape seeds, resulting from the extraction of polymerized proanthocyanidins can be used as an organic fertilizer in the soil. The soil biodegradation process was assessed by microbiological analysis and analysis of current and potential dehydrogenase activity. The results obtained showed that the vegetal residue led to the increaseof the number of soil microorganisms involved in the nitrogen circuit and carbon, as a result of the triggering of the biodegradation process as well as its non-polluting effect supported by current and potential dehydrogenase activity determined in dynamicsover a year in experimental plots

Activitatea antimicrobiană a unui bioprodus biologic activ obţinut din seminţele de struguri

At the Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Iasi, a polymeric condensed proanthocyanidins was obtained from Fetească neagră grape seeds, through a phase preparation, which under determined conditions with hydrogen peroxide, led to the production of a water-soluble bio product with antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the bio product was performed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (CMB) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. From the analysis of the obtained data it was found that the bio product reacted differently from the tested species, being more active against Staphylococcus aureus (G +). The determined MIC was 1.5 mg/mL and the CMB 2.0 mg / mL. In the case of the Escherichia coli (G-) test, the MIC and CMB values were equal but increased to 3.0 mg/mL

The antioxidant activity evolution in different technological stages of some red wines

The studies regarding the antioxidant activity evolution in different technological stages of some red wines was made at the oenology laboratory of U.S.A.M.V. Iasi and closely with the Center for oenology, Iasi branch of the Romanian Academy. 4 local grape varieties for red wines, Feteasca neagra, Negru de Causani, Babeasca neagra and Busuioaca de Bohotin were chosen as study material, the last one more specifically for rose wines than for the red ones, and the Merlot variety in order to compare the antioxidant capacity of the Romanian varieties to the international ones. These wines were produced with the classical technology for red wines using the classical skin contact maceration process. Six important technological moments was supervised. The phenol compounds content of the samples was analyzed using the total polyphenolic index and the antioxidant activity using the photochemiluminescence method, calculated as ascorbic acid equivalents, mmol/L. Firstly the values of the phenolic compounds and of the antioxidant activity of all the five wines have ascending curves, with lower or higher variations of their amplitude according to the specificity of each wine. The technological stage that determined the maximal values of both the TPI and the antioxidant activity was the second one, the one after the maceration process, which is responsible of the extraction of phenolic compounds from grapes. Towards the end of vinification, these values slowly decreased under the influence of the other vinification processes but depending also on the grape variety. Linear correlations between the TPI and AO.A were determined, these correlations varying also depending on the grape variety and can be consider a specific characteristic of the grape sort