Research on artificial infection to sunflower leaves grown in conditions of the Ezăreni Farm

Sunflower is the most imporant oil crop grown in Romania, with wide use in the food and industry sector. The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, is a class Ascomycetes, order Heliotiales, family Sclerotinacea. The disease causes economic losses in entire world, particulary the culture on sunflower, Helianthus annuus, was the object of research and disease for decades (Gulya et al., 1997). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib. de Bary) was described in 1837 by Libert and indentified by Fuckel in 1861(Purdy) is the fungus that causes the most damage up to 100% in many cultures(Sackston, 1992). In all temperate climates regions in the world, white rot disease is the most important, because the fungus remains in the ground,for a period of many years, and range of host plants. This fungus attacks various organs of the plant, the root, stem, leaveas, and head root. This fungus is a parasite polifag which attack over 400 plant species belonging to 75 botanical families, of which many species are plants of cultura of a particular importance in agricultura (sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans) (Boland and Hall 1994). For developing hybrids with genetic resistance, we must reduce the loss caused by this pathogen. The objective in this study was to test some sunflower hybrids under Ezăreni farm with resistant pathogen attack

Evidenţa principalilor agenţi patogeni şi dăunători ai viţei de vie şi controlul fitosanitar al acestora în condiţiile climatice ale anului 2019

The careful monitoring of vineyards plays a particularly important role in creating forecasts and warnings to help combat the main pathogens and pests. Mainvine diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew and gray rot can cause significant production losses if not combated according to well-established phytosanitary programs. On the other hand, their irrational control can lead to the emergence of phytotoxicity phenomena, or forms of resistance to pests. The present paper aims to present the evolution of the main viticultural diseases that appeared in the SCDVV Iaşi vineyards, in the climatic conditions of 2019

Researches on resistance some sunflower hybrids to the artificial infection with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Among the main diseases that cause significant production (quantitative and qualitative), decreases in sunflower, the white rot (white rot, white mould) is frequently met. It is also know as wet rot (cottony soft rot, watery soft rot), and withering (wilt), cancer (canker), etc. (Mordue and Holliday, 1976). Disease known to be spread rapidly, it can be found in several regions of the country, particularly in Moldavia. The fungus attacks different organs of the plant: roots, stems, leaves, capitulum (Castano et al., 1987). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a parasite attacks over 400 plant species of 75 botanical families, of which many species are crops with particular importance in agriculture (sunflower, rapeseed, soybean). This disease produces losses of yield due to its virulence in certain environmental conditions and due to the impossibility of compliance a rotation by most farmers. In this study, we have tested the resistance of some sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) to the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The research material is represented by 12 commercial sunflower hybrids. For the artificial inoculation, we have used the method provided by Rashid (1997). For the artificial infection, we have used 2 isolates the fungus, provided from Romania and Germany. There have been noticed differences in virulence of the pathogen isolates used and also differences in the response of the studied genotypes. Sunflower genotypes responded differently to artificial inoculation with two isolates of Sclerotinia depending on the environmental conditions of the year 2011, at the Ezăreni teaching resort from Iasi. Thus, the Iasi isolate, behaved in a more aggressive way, compared to the Giessen isolate, which presented lower virulence

Study of some polyphenolic extracts obtained from pressed grape skins

Due to their biologically active properties, polyphenols convert waste into attractive sources for the medical and pharmaceutical products, their traditional management being varied towards other technological processes. The identification of active principles derived from the polyphenolic extracts obtained from pressed grape marc can help create an alternative use and recovery of by-products of wine, fact which increases their economic value. It also helps assess the oenological potential of vine varieties and thus to assess their beneficial properties in maintaining metabolic balance and health of the human body. In this context, the research in this paper aim to characterise the extracts obtained from pressed grape marc by identifying and quantifying the major polyphenolic compounds in their composition. To study the influence of the maceration technology on the content of polyphenolic compounds from byproducts of the winemaking process, grape samples of Fetească neagră, Băbească neagră, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Arcaş grape varieties were processed using classical maceration, thermo-maceration, microwave maceration and rotary tanks maceration (ROTO-tanks). The obtained polyphenolic extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), several phenolic acids, stilbenes (trans-resveratrol) non-hydrolysable tannins (catechin and epicatechin), some flavones (rutin and quercitin), and a number of anthocyan compounds being identified and quantified. The results of the preliminary characterization showed quite similar values in the content of total polyphenols and tannoid matters index. The maceration variants did not affect the amount of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. The other polyphenolic compounds that were identified varied depending on the grape variety and maceration technology used. The obtained data justifies the use of pressed grape marc as raw material to obtain polyphenolic extracts, recommending further research on its biologically active properties (antiradical, antioxidant, cytotoxic and cytostatic)

Activitatea antimicrobiană a unui bioprodus biologic activ obţinut din seminţele de struguri

At the Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Iasi, a polymeric condensed proanthocyanidins was obtained from Fetească neagră grape seeds, through a phase preparation, which under determined conditions with hydrogen peroxide, led to the production of a water-soluble bio product with antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the bio product was performed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (CMB) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. From the analysis of the obtained data it was found that the bio product reacted differently from the tested species, being more active against Staphylococcus aureus (G +). The determined MIC was 1.5 mg/mL and the CMB 2.0 mg / mL. In the case of the Escherichia coli (G-) test, the MIC and CMB values were equal but increased to 3.0 mg/mL

Compositional characteristics of low-alcohol wines obtained by staggered grape harvesting technology

Excessive alcohol consumption has many negative effects on human health and society itself. Climate change and the improvement of viticultural technologies have gradually led to an increase in the alcoholic concentration of wines, a trend that has become contrary to the current requirements of consumers inclined to a healthy diet. The aim of the study was to obtain wines with low alcohol concentration through a simple and accessible technology, by staggered grape harvesting, at 100 and 150 g/L sugars (“in green”) and at full grape maturity (Muscat Ottonel and Pinot gris varieties), in the ecopedoclimatic conditions of Copou-Iasi wine center, NE of Romania. By blending the experimental wines were obtained improved beverages in terms of physico-chemical characteristics, phenolic composition and chromatic parameters, with alcohol concentrations between 6.5 and 8.5% vol. Sensory properties changed significantly, being produced more acid wines, with less full bodied perception and reduced persistence as detracting characteristics

Studii privind gradul de asemănare fenotipică dintre unele soiuri autohtone de viţă de vie prin utilizarea metodelor statistico-matematice

Use ofstatistical mathematical methods in the characterization of cultivarsand determination of theirdegree of similarity provides important information concerningcultivarsappurtenanceto different sortogroups, the degree of relatedness between cultivarsand their differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of phenotypic similaritybetween 11 autochthonous grapevine cultivarsbased on the physico-mechanical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of grapes and leaves, using Cluster analysis, which admits the existence of polythetic groups and allows verificationof genotype belonging to a varietal faction. Group with the lowest chaining index, indicating a highphenotypic similarity,was Coarnăneagră~ Coarnăneagrăselecţionată, followed by Purpuriu ~ Cetăţuia and Someşan ~ Milcov groups, fact justified by their common origin within thegroup. A lower degree of similarity was notedbetween Purpuriu and Radames cultivars,with Villard blanc as commongenitor, and betweenTransilvania and Splendid cultivars (commongenitor Black rose)