Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383–1435

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.)on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.)from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.)from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.)endophyticin roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands , Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.)on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.)on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa , Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa , Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on over wintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

Stichosome ultrastructure of the fish nematode Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933

The stichosome (posterior glandular esophagus) of Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933 consists of large gland cells (stichocytes) and lumenal epithelium with cuticular lining. Both structures are enclosed in a reticulum of muscle cells. The stichocyte cytoplasm contains small cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, one kind of electron dense secretory granules, mitochondria and a branching system of intracellular collecting ducts without filament bundles around them

Stichosome ultrastructure of the fish nematode

The stichosome (posterior glandular esophagus) of Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933 consists of large gland cells (stichocytes) and lumenal epithelium with cuticular lining. Both structures are enclosed in a reticulum of muscle cells. The stichocyte cytoplasm contains small cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, one kind of electron dense secretory granules, mitochondria and a branching system of intracellular collecting ducts without filament bundles around them

Distribution and ultrastructure of two types of scolex gland cells in adult

In the scolex-neck region of the adult Proteocephalus macrocephalus two types of eccrine gland cells are present. The first type of gland cells, localized in the frontal part of the scolex only, contains large, more or less round electron lucid granules. The second type of unicellular glands produces large electron dense granules. These electron dense granular gland cells are localized primarily in the neck region, only few are present in the scolex apex. The secretion of both types of gland cells is concentrated in the ducts opening to the exterior. The ducts are fixed to the plasmalemma of the tegument by septate junctions. The function of both types of gland cells is discussed

Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the mature spermatozoon of Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovsky, 1915) (Caryophyllidea: Lytocestidae), a parasite of Capoeta capoeta sevangi (De Filippi, 1865) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)

The mature spermatozoon of Khawia armeniaca, a monozoic caryophyllidean parasite of templar fish Capoeta capoeta sevangi (De Filippi, 1865) from the Lake Sevan, Armenia, has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and cytochemical technique of Thiéry (1967) for the first time. The mature spermatozoon of K. armeniaca consists of a single axoneme with the 9+‘1’ trepaxonematan structure, cortical microtubules and nucleus which are situated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spermatozoon, and a moderately electrondense cytoplasm with glycogen particles. The cortical microtubules are arranged in one continuous semicircle beneath the plasma membrane in Region II and anterior part of Region III of the mature spermatozoon. The two opposite rows of cortical microtubules are observed in the remaining nuclear and at the beginning of the postnuclear part (Regions III, IV) of the male gamete The number of cortical microtubules is remarkably variable in the spermatozoa of various Khawia species. K. armeniaca exhibits the highest number of cortical microtubules in comparison with K. sinensis and K. rossittensis. Glycogen was detected in the cytoplasm of prenuclear (II), nuclear (III) and postnuclear (IV) regions with different ultrastructural organization of the mature spermatozoon of K. armeniaca. Variations of sperm ultrastructural characters within caryophyllideans and other cestodes are discussed

First records of scale deformities in seven freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii: Percidae and Cyprinidae) collected from three ponds in the Czech Republic

Background. A wide range of morphological anomalies, including abnormalities in scale shape and structure, have been described from a large number of fish species worldwide. Quite often, such reports linked the observed abnormalities to the quality of aquatic environment. The presently reported study was initiated to explore and categorize the abnormalities found in the scales of seven freshwater fish species of Czech Republic: Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844); Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758); Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844); Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845); Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758); Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758; and Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). The observed abnormalities are discussed in the context of contaminated aquatic environments with the intention to understand the aetiology of the abnormalities. Materials and methods. Samples were collected at 3 sites (ponds) in the Czech Republic. In total, 10 200 scales were collected, cleared in 1% potassium hydroxide, and observed under a light microscope. Four variables were measured for each scale: anterior–posterior length (major axis, MAA), dorsal–ventral length (minor axis, MIA), diameter of the focus in the centre of the scale, number of radial lines (radii) starting from near focus, and the ratio of major to minor axes were calculated as a measure of scale shape. Results. The anomalous scales, 63 in total, were collected from ten different body regions in seven species studied. They exhibited different shapes and sizes: 30 scales showed severe anomalies and 33 only slight ones. Based on the MAA : MIA ratio, the majority of the scales examined had a narrow to rectangular or broad to squarish shape. Elongated scales were only obtained from H. molitrix, H. nobilis, and C. idella. There were one square-shaped and 8 rectangular-shaped scales in G. cernua, 3 and 6 in P. fluviatilis, and 2 and 1 in S. lucioperca. Conclusion. The presently reported cases of fish scale abnormalities should direct the future work on the relations between the state of the environment and fish health. Another interesting question to answer would be to determine whether or not the removal of abnormal scales would lead to replacement by either normal or abnormal scales