Characterization of soil for production of cabbage

This paper reviews a part of analyses of soils used for production of cabbage in the production fields around the village of Futog near Novi Sad. The analyzed soils are heterogeneous but invariably of light mechanical composition. The topsoils have unfavorable water/air properties, low total porosity (from 36.82% to 42.70%) and medium water permeability (from 10-3 to 10-5 cm/s). Low humus content (from 1.62% to 2.17%), highly variable phosphorus content (from 6.5 to 107.0 mg 100-1 g of soil) and medium to high potassium content (from 15.5 to 70.0 mg 100-1 g of soil) are common properties of the surface soil layers of all soil profiles studied. Based on the proportion and biodiversity of the studied groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity, it has been concluded that the analyzed soils have a high biological value

Clinical characteristics of multiple system atrophy in Serbian population

Background/Aim. Mulstiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative central nervous system disorder, characterized by any combination of extrapyramidal, cerebellar, pyramidal or autonomic disturbance. The aims of our study were to define clinical characteristics of MSA patients in our population, to account for neuroradiological and electrophysiological profile of the disease and to evaluate one-dose levodopa response. Methods. We have diagnosed 29 patients as MSA, with disease duration from the first symptom 5 years on average on examination. The examinating procedure included an anamnesis and complete neurological investigations, as well as neurootological and neuroradiological examinations. The study included the patients of the Institute of Neurology of the Clinical Center of Serbia in the period of 1996-2001, who completed both clinical and diagnostic criteria for a possible and probable MSA. Results. Autonomic disturbances were documented in 93.1%, whereas extrapyramidal symptoms were seen in additional 89.3% with symmetrical onset in 60%. Levodopa response was poor or moderate. Cerebellar signs were present in 63%, while pyramidal signs occured in 78.7%. There was no a cognitive deterioration (MMSE > 24). CT scan and MRI showed cerebellar and brainstem atrophy, as well as diffuse cortical atrophy. Conclusion. Failure of additional diagnostic procedures to distinguish MSA patients required a precise understanding of their clinical specificities. Our results support this statement

Mikrobiološka svojstva černozema na lokalitetu Futog

Microorganisms take part in soil formation and maintain soil fertility. The abundance of certain microbial groups and their enzymatic activity are used as an indicator of soil quality/fertility. Each type of soil has its own characteristic microflora, which is influenced by environmental conditions, cultural practices, crop species grown and the presence of heavy metals. Our study dealt with the basic chemical and microbiological properties of the soil at the Futog location. The soil type at the location is chernozem. Soil microbial properties were monitored based on total microbial abundance, the number of diazotrophs, ammonifiers, actinomycetes and fungi, and the activity of the oxidation-reduction enzyme dehydrogenase. The standard dilution methods and media were used. The incubation time and temperature depended on the microbial group. The dehydrogenase activity was determined spectrophotometrically based on triphenyl formazan extinction. The results show that microbial activity at the site is the most intensive in the soil surface layer and that it decreases with the depth. The presence of ammonifiers and oligonitrophilic microbes and the total microbial abundance were determined in the CG horizon as well. Azotobacters, which are important indicators of the nitrogen fixation balance, were found in all sites in the Amo and AC horizons, but were not present in deeper layers. Actinomycetes and fungi were absent from the C horizon downward. As an indicator of oxidation-reduction processes in the soil, dehydrogenase was extremely high in the horizon down to 25 cm depth, but decreased with the increasing depth.Mikroorganizmi učestvuju u formiranju zemljišta i održavaju njegovu plodnost. Brojnost pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama i aktivnost enzima se koriste kao pokazatelji kvaliteta/plodnosti zemljišta. Svaki tip zemljišta ima svoju karakterističnu mikrofloru na koju utiču ekološki uslovi, agrotehničke mere, biljna vrsta i prisustvo teških metala. Istraživanja su obuhvatila osnovna hemijska i mikrobiološka svojstva tri profila zemljišta sa lokaliteta Futog. Tip zemljišta je černozem. Mikrobiološka svojstva su praćena na osnovu ukupnog broja mikroorganizama, brojnosti diazotrofa, amonifikatora, aktinomiceta i gljiva, kao i aktivnosti oksidoredukcionog enzima dehidrogenaze. Korišćene su standardne metode razređenja na odgovarajućim hranljivim podlogama. Vreme i temperatura inkubacije zavisila je od grupe mikroorganizama. Dehidrogenazna aktivnost je određena spektro-fotometrijskom metodom, na osnovu ekstinkcije trifenilformazana. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je mikrobiološka aktivnost najintenzivnija u površinskom sloju zemljišta, a sa dubinom opada. Prisustvo amonifikatora, oligonitrofila i ukupnog broja mikroorganizama je utvrđeno i u horizontu CG. Azotobacter, kao značajan pokazatelj azotofiksacionog bilansa, je utvrđen u sva tri profila, u horizontima Amo i AC, dok u dubljim slojevima nije prisutan. Aktinomicete i gljive nisu prisutne već od horizonta C. Dehidrogenaza, kao pokazatelj oksidoredukcionih procesa u zemljištu, izuzetno je visoka u horizontu do 25 cm dubine, a sa dubinom opada

Zagađenost zemljišta južnobačkog okruga opasnim i štetnim materijama

Soil samples in disturbed state were taken in order to control fertility and monitor contents of harmful and hazardous substances in Vojvodina soils and possibilities of soil degradation in general. Moderately contaminated soils were selected for examination. Microbial activity in contaminated soil and the impact of harmful and hazardous substances (pesticides) on soil microorganisms were observed and most resistant microorganisms were isolated. Vegetation experiments were organized to study the effect of chelating agents EDTA and EDDS on copper adoption and translocation in rapeseed and sunflower. Importance of some ions in the complexation of copper chelators and their undesirable effects on copper uptake were established. Field trials were organized to study the effect of hydrogel on water uptakes by plants, increase in rate and the increase in rate of removal of hazardous and harmful substances from soil solution. At all phases of the project, we monitored the effectiveness of soil bioremediation soils by means of the application of chelating agents, stimulative preparations such as hydrogel and certain microorganisms. It effectiveness was measured in terms of plant growth rate and intensity in removal of hazardous and harmful substances from contaminated soil.U cilju kontrole plodnosti i sagledavanja sadržaja opasnih i štetnih materija u zemljištima Južnobačkog okruga i njegove degradacije (u širem smislu), odabrana su umereno zagađena zemljišta. Praćena je mikrobiološka aktivnost u uzorcima zagađenog zemljišta, kao i uticaj opasnih i štetnih materija (pesticida) na prisutne mikroorganizme u zemljištu, a izdvojene su grupe najotpornijih mikroorganizama. U vegetacionim ogledima ispitan je uticaj helatora EDDS i EDTA na usvajanje i translokaciju bakra kod uljane repice i suncokreta. Utvrđen je značaj uticaja pojedinih jona na kompleksiranje bakra sa helatorima, kao i njihovo smetajuće dejstvo. U poljskim uslovima praćen je uticaj hidrogela na vodni režim biljaka, povećanje prinosa i iznošenja opasnih i štetnih materija iz zemljišnog rastvora. Praćen je efekat elemenata koji pospešuju i uvećavaju bioremedijaciju zemljišta primenom helatora, stimulativnih preparata tipa hidrogel ili određenih sojeva mikroorganizama u cilju pojačavanja rasta biljaka i povećanog iznošenja opasnih i štetnih materija iz zagađenih zemljišta

Mikrobiološka svojstva fluvisola na različitim lokalitetima u okolini Novog Sada

The soil is a complex and dynamic system in which most biological processes take place as a result of microbial activity. The number and activity of microorganisms are considered as important indicators of the potential and effective soil fertility. Soil microbial properties have been examined along the soil profile in seven locations around Novi Sad. These locations were under agricultural soils of the fluvisol type. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were taken in June 2007. General soil biological activity was assessed on the basis of the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of azotobacters, ammonium-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes. All microbial groups under study were found in all locations. The number and enzymatic activity of the microorganisms were highest in the topsoil and they tended to decrease with depth. Some microbial activity was registered even at the depths from 97 to 200 cm. The highest microbial activity was found in the location of Kovilj, which also had highest contents of phosphorus and potassium.Zemljište je složen i dinamičan sistem u kome se većina bioloških procesa odvija zahvaljujući mikroorganizmima. Brojnost i aktivnost mikroorganizama smatra se značajnim pokazateljem potencijalne i efektivne plodnosti zemljišta. Mikrobiološka svojstva ispitana su na sedam lokaliteta u okolini Novog Sada na poljoprivrednim zemljištima tipa fluvisol, po dubini profila. Uzorci zemljišta za mikrobiološke analize uzeti su u junu 2007. godine. Opšta biološka aktivnost zemljišta određena je na osnovu ukupnog broja mikro-organizama, zastupljenosti azotobaktera, amonifikatora, aktinomiceta i gljiva i aktivnosti enzima dehidrogenaze. Na lokalitetima je ustanovljeno prisustvo svih ispitivanih grupa mikro- organizama. Brojnost i enzimatska aktivnost mikroorganizama opada sa povećanjem dubine, a najveća je u površinskom sloju zemljišta. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da i na dubinama od 97-200 cm postoji izvesna mikrobiološka aktivnost. Najveća mikrobiološka aktivnost zabeležena je na lokalitetu Kovilj, gde je konstatovan i najveći sadržaj fosfora i kalijuma

Potential and contemporary laser applications with parallel techniques in the processes of monitoring, protection and restoration of cultural heritage objects

Laser applications in processes of monitoring, protection, restoration and cleaning of the objects of cultural heritage still attract attention, inspite of relatively long tradition. Although numerous mutual problems are resolved, each precious object of cultural heritage is unique and needs specific characterization before exact laser operation. Contemporary generation of laser scanners along with competitive techniques accelerated the processes of data collecting and storing in the form of 3D digital models, irreplaceable in modern informative space