Monitoring and Forecasting of Coastal Erosion in the Context of Climate Change in Saint Louis (Senegal)

Owing to its unique physical and socio-economic characteristics, the Saint Louis region stands out as one of the most susceptible areas in Senegal to the adverse impacts of coastal erosion. The dynamics of erosion in this region are significantly influenced by the Langue de Barbarie (LB), a sand spit formed at the mouth of the Senegal River. Initially, in 2003, a 4 m wide artificial breach was strategically introduced to mitigate flooding; however, sediment dynamics expanded it to 6 km by 2020, thereby affecting the entire region. This study delves into the coastline change of the LB, specifically divided into three zones (LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3), spanning the period from 1994 to 2042. Leveraging Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, our investigation reveals that, prior to the breach’s creation, the average dynamic coastline rates in zones LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3 were estimated at 4.4, 5.9, and 4.4 m/year, respectively. Subsequent to the breach, these rates shifted to −1.2, 8.4, and −2.7 m/year, with the most significant erosion observed alongshore of LB-3 at −6.6 m/year during the period 2002–2012. Projecting into 2032, LB-1 and LB-3 are anticipated to experience erosion rates of −11.5 and −26.8 m/year, respectively, while the LB-2 records an estimated accretion rate of 8.41 m/year. Eroded areas are expected to total 571,458 m2, while accumulated areas are expected to total 67,191 m2. By 2042, zones LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3 are expected to experience erosion rates of −23 and −53.6 m/year, resulting in the erosion of 1,021,963 m2 and the accumulation of 94,930 m2 with a dynamic rate of 168.2 m/year in zone LB-3. These results have significant implications for solving the urgent issue of coastal erosion in LB. © 2024 by the authors

Kalman filter model, as a tool for short-term forecasting of solar potential: case of the Dakar site

The prediction of solar potential is an important step toward the evaluation of PV plant production for the best energy planning. In this study, the discrete Kalman filter model was implemented for short-term solar resource forecasting one the Dakar site in Senegal. The model input parameters are constituted at a time t of the air temperature, the relative humidity and the global solar radiation. The expected output at time t+T is the global solar radiation. The model performance is evaluated with the square root of the normalized mean squared error (NRMSE), the absolute mean of the normalized error (NMAE), the average bias error (NMBE). The model Validation is carried out by means of the data measured within the Polytechnic Higher School of Dakar for one year. The simulation results following the 20 minute horizon show a good correlation between the prediction and the measurement with an NRMSE of 4.8%, an NMAE of 0.27% and an NMBE of 0.04%. This model could contribute to help photovoltaic based energy providers to better plan the production of solar photovoltaic plants in Sahelian environments

Kalman filter model, as a tool for short-term forecasting of solar potential: case of the Dakar site

The prediction of solar potential is an important step toward the evaluation of PV plant production for the best energy planning. In this study, the discrete Kalman filter model was implemented for short-term solar resource forecasting one the Dakar site in Senegal. The model input parameters are constituted at a time t of the air temperature, the relative humidity and the global solar radiation. The expected output at time t+T is the global solar radiation. The model performance is evaluated with the square root of the normalized mean squared error (NRMSE), the absolute mean of the normalized error (NMAE), the average bias error (NMBE). The model Validation is carried out by means of the data measured within the Polytechnic Higher School of Dakar for one year. The simulation results following the 20 minute horizon show a good correlation between the prediction and the measurement with an NRMSE of 4.8%, an NMAE of 0.27% and an NMBE of 0.04%. This model could contribute to help photovoltaic based energy providers to better plan the production of solar photovoltaic plants in Sahelian environments

Using of landsat images for land use changes detection in the ecosystem : a case study of the Senegal River Delta

The paper reconstructs the history of land use in the Senegal River delta (1972-2014), using Landsat imagery. In the study area (which corresponds to the St. Louis, Louga, Podor, Dagana localities), the dynamic of land cover is very particular compared to national and most sub-region dynamics. The resulting maps are presented to denote ecosystem changes. Much of the area is converted dune (27.7%), followed by salt land class (21.1%), growing areas (13.5%). Only 3.2% of land area is varied aquatic vegetation. In general, the mass of land plants fell by 36.3% of area during this period.IED Africa (Innovation Evironment Developement

Impacts de l'utilisation des eaux polluées en agriculture urbaine sur la qualité de la nappe de Dakar (Sénégal)

Résumé en anglais inclusL’agriculture urbaine de la région de Dakar est un secteur en plein essor. À cause de la salinisation progressive des eaux de la nappe peu profonde (eaux de Céanes ), des eaux usées brutes sont utilisées pour irriguer les champs. L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer la qualité chimique et microbiologique des eaux de la nappe sous-jacentes aux champs irrigués et d’identifier les sources de pollution. Notre travail a été effectué dans les sites de Pikine et de Patte d’Oie. L’analyse de la qualité chimique des eaux d’arrosage a montré qu’à Pikine, la conductivité des eaux de Céanes est plus élevée (4822±2411 μS cm-1) par rapport à celle des eaux usées (3579±1242 μS cm-1 ; p<0.04). Par contre à Patte d’Oie, les eaux d’arrosage sont moins salées (<3000 μS cm-1). La quantité d’azote total de tous les types d’eaux d’arrosage est supérieure à la valeur guide de l’OMS (5-30 mg l-1). Salmonella spp. a été isolée dans 35 % des eaux d’arrosage. Un échantillon d’eaux usées a été positif pour Vibrio cholerae. L’impact des eaux d’irrigation sur la qualité chimique et microbiologique de la nappe d’eau souterraine est fortement influencé par la pluviométrie et est différent selon le site considéré. Ce travail a montré que l’irrigation avec les eaux polluées et l’usage de fumiers organiques peut altérer la qualité de la nappe et constituer des risques pour la santé

International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

All predictions agree that tilapia is destined to become the major aquaculture species of tomorrow. Tilapia is grown in more than 100 countries and production reaches 4.3 million tonnes making this fish group the second largest for global aquaculture, after that of carp. The modern development of its breeding requires energy for production systems e.g. to supply oxygen equipment or automatic food vending machines or the heating of livestock ponds. This work proposes to valorise the waste resulting from the activities in fish farming by the processes of anaerobic digestion to produce energy. For this, faeces of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were sampled periodically and their methanogenic potential (BMP test) determined and compared to a reference substrate (poultry droppings); with or without inoculum. The &#956;CG analysis made it possible to determine the relative proportions of methane (CH4) in the biogas as a function of the duration of production. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed rapid kinetics of biogas production of fish faeces in the presence of inoculum (+ inoculum) compared with the production of biogas in faeces alone. This kinetics of biogas production is reversed between the third and fourth week. In both cases, the proportion of methane is generally greater than 60% from the second week of incubation, which shows the quality of the biogas produced. The composition of CH4 and CO2 does not change with or without inoculum. However, there is a significant difference in total CH4 volume which is twice as large with inoculated fish faeces than uninoculated fish or poultry droppings. Our results show that fish droppings are good methanogenic substrates and the use of the inoculum allows for a quick start of biogas production and avoids MO losses. Realized on a large scale, the valorisation of aquaculture fish faeces could constitute a source of green energy for the development of fish farming in Africa. And thus a smart initiative to fight against climate impact on small pelagic fish stock displacement in tropical areas

Effect of irrigation water on the incidence of Salmonella spp. on lettuces produced by urban agriculture and sold on the markets in Dakar, Senegal

The aim of our survey was to assess the effect of irrigation water of the microbiological quality on the production chain of lettuce in the Dakar area. Microbiological analysis showed that 35% of irrigation water was contaminated by Salmonella spp. between the two water-types used for irrigation (groundwater and wastewater), no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in their degree of contamination was found. The incidence of different types of irrigation water on the contamination rate of lettuces from the farm (Pikine and Patte d'Oie) was not different either (p&gt;0.05). However, the contamination rate of lettuce from markets of Dalifort and Grand-Yoff that were supplied by the area of Patte d'Oie was greater than those of Sham and Zinc supplied by Pikine (p&lt;0.05). Comparison of serotypes of Salmonella isolated from irrigation water and lettuce showed that irrigation water may affect the microbiological quality of lettuce. Manures, frequently used as organic amendment in cultivating lettuce are another potential source of contamination. These results showed that lettuce may constitute effective vectors for the transmission of pathogens to consumers. Extensive treatment of the used wastewater and/or composting of manure could considerably reduce these risks

Methanogenic potential of aquaculture waste a smart initiative for green aquaculture in the framework of blue growth

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018All predictions agree that tilapia is destined to become the major aquaculture species of tomorrow. Tilapia is grown in more than 100 countries and production reaches 4.3 million tonnes making this fish group the second largest for global aquaculture, after that of carp. The modern development of its breeding requires energy for production systems e.g. to supply oxygen equipment or automatic food vending machines or the heating of livestock ponds. This work proposes to valorise the waste resulting from the activities in fish farming by the processes of anaerobic digestion to produce energy. For this, faeces of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were sampled periodically and their methanogenic potential (BMP test) determined and compared to a reference substrate (poultry droppings); with or without inoculum. The μCG analysis made it possible to determine the relative proportions of methane (CH4) in the biogas as a function of the duration of production. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed rapid kinetics of biogas production of fish faeces in the presence of inoculum (+ inoculum) compared with the production of biogas in faeces alone. This kinetics of biogas production is reversed between the third and fourth week. In both cases, the proportion of methane is generally greater than 60% from the second week of incubation, which shows the quality of the biogas produced. The composition of CH4 and CO2 does not change with or without inoculum. However, there is a significant difference in total CH4 volume which is twice as large with inoculated fish faeces than uninoculated fish or poultry droppings. Our results show that fish droppings are good methanogenic substrates and the use of the inoculum allows for a quick start of biogas production and avoids MO losses. Realized on a large scale, the valorisation of aquaculture fish faeces could constitute a source of green energy for the development of fish farming in Africa. And thus a smart initiative to fight against climate impact on small pelagic fish stock displacement in tropical areas

Phase Behaviour And Thermodynamic Modelling For The System (grape Seed Oil + Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol) At High Pressures

This short communication reports phase equilibrium data (cloud points), employing the synthetic static method, for the system {grape seed oil (GSO) + carbon dioxide (CO2) + ethanol} up to T = 343.15 K and 22.53 MPa. Experimental results were modelled using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the classical van der Waals quadratic mixing rule (PR-vdW2). It is shown that the thermodynamic model is able to represent satisfactorily the phase behaviour of the system investigated. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.687174Dalmolin, I., Mazutti, M.A., Batista, E.A.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Oliveira, J.V., (2010) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 42, pp. 797-801Debien, I.C.N., Rigo, A.A., Mazutti, M.A., Oliveira, J.V., Meireles, M.A.A., (2013) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 79, pp. 27-31Charin, R.M., Corazza, M.L., Ndiaye, P.M., Rigo, A.A., Mazutti, M.A., Oliveira, J.V., (2011) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 43, pp. 413-419Charin, R.M., Corazza, M.L., Ndiaye, P.M., Mazutti, M.A., Oliveira, J.V., (2010) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 55, pp. 23-31Rodriguez-Reartes, S.B., Cismondi, M., Franceschi, E., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.V., Zabaloy, M.S., (2009) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 50, pp. 193-202Michielin, E.M.Z., Rosso, S.R., Franceschi, E., Borges, G.R., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.V., Ferreira, S.R.S., (2009) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 41, pp. 130-137Canziani, D., Ndiaye, P.M., Franceschi, E., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.M., (2009) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 41, pp. 966-972Comim, S.R.R., Franceschi, E., Borges, G.R., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.V., Ferreira, S.R.S., (2010) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 42, pp. 348-354Bender, J.P., Feitein, M., Mazutti, M.A., Franceschi, E., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.V., (2010) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 42, pp. 229-233Araújo, O.A.S., Silva, F.R., Ramos, L.P., Lenzi, M.K., Ndiaye, P.M., Corazza, M.L., (2012) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 47, pp. 412-419Pinto, L.F., Silva, D.I.S., Silva, F.R., Ramos, L.P., Ndiaye, P.M., Corazza, M.L., (2012) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 44, pp. 57-65DIPPR - The Design Institute for Physical Properties, , http://www.dippr.byu.edu/students, accessed 20.06.1