The effects of cutting interval on agro-qualitative traits of different millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) cultivars

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to study the forage yield and qualitative traits of different varieties of millet with different days of harvest during the summer, 2014 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement having three replications. Pearl millet seeds of three varieties viz. BS-2011, Ghana White and MB-87 were grown in 30cm apart rows. Net plot size was 3.6m×8.0m. Three different harvesting times were adopted i.e. 55, 65 and 75days after sowing (DAS). Maximum plant height of pearl millet was recorded for cultivar BS-2011 at harvest time of 75DAS. Maximum leaf area per plant was observed for the cultivar BS-2011 when it was harvested 75DAS. Maximum dry matter percentage was also attained in cultivar BS-2011 where plots were harvested at 75DAS. The highest forage yield was obtained where variety BS-2011 was grown and harvested at 75DAS. Similarly, maximum dry matter production of BS-2011 was recorded in plots harvested at 75DAS followed by Ghana White and MB-87 harvested at 55DAS. Higher crude protein content was recorded where plots were harvested at 55DAS and cultivar BS-2011 was sown. Higher crude fiber and total ash percentage was also seen in BS-2011. Finally, cultivar BS-2011 proved best for cultivation with harvest time of 75 DAS under Faisalabad conditions to obtain higher forage yield and better quality

Energy Crisis and Productive Inefficiency: Micro-Evidence from Textile Sector of Faisalabad

Energy, being an essential component of every production process, plays a pivotal role in the growth process of a country. The production process has undergone a massive transition from labour intensive to energy intensive techniques [Stern and Cleveland (2004)]. Now, it is widely recognised that industrialisation is an energy-intensive process; hence, uninterrupted supply of energy is necessary to keep the production process in run. In addition, high percapita energy consumption is considered as an indicator of the level of economic development. This positive correlation between energy consumption and output growth (and development) led many countries, particularly developing ones, to design policies for subsidised energy provision with focus on supply-side in late eighties. At the same time, some European countries (i.e. Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden) formulated energy policy focusing on demand-side (energy conservation), and achieved smaller growth rates in energy consumption without any reduction in economic growth [Pintz (1986)]

Impact evaluation of structural adjustment program: a case of Pakistan

We analyzed the effect of Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) on macroeconomic variables of Pakistan using annual time series data for the years 1981-2001. The impact of four policy instruments of SAP, i.e. reduction in budget deficit, increase in indirect taxes,adjusting the exchange rate and sliding down of subsidies, on employment, income distribution, per-capita income and inflation has been analyzed. It is found that the first policy instrument, i.e. decrease in budget deficit has affected employment, income distribution and inflation adversely. The second policy instrument of imposition of indirect tax negatively affected the employment, income distribution, per capita income and positively affected the inflation. The third policy instrument of SAP was adjustment of exchange rate. It is estimated that adjusting exchange rate has resulted into increased unemployment and inflation. The fourth policy instrument of shrink in subsidies augmented the unemployment, unequal distribution of income and inflation and dwindled the percapita income. It appears that SAP has adversely affected the major socioeconomic variables of the economy. Currently the government is considering for loan from IMF, so it is proposed to avoid such type of policy directives from IMF.Structural Adjustment Program, Budget deficit, Indirect taxes, Exchange rate, Subsidies, Employment, Income distribution, Per-capita income, Inflation,Pakistan

Impact of Cable/T.V on Modern Lifestyle: A Study of Women

Researchers explore the demographic characteristic of the respondent, women exposure towards electronic media and its impacts on the adoption of modern lifestyle. Researcher was also checkout the impact of cable/TV on modern lifestyle. Electronic media is an influential tool for brining noticeable change in the views, outlook, attitude and interest of people. This study intends to emphasize the role of electronic media and its impact on minds of the women, and the environment in which it function. Researchers used the cultivation theory and face to face interview used as data collection method.  Results reveal that electronic media really impact on the modern lifestyle of women who had exposure towards electronic in their daily life and watching cable/TV. Keywords: Electronic Media, Cable television, Modern Lifestyle, Cultivation, Women, Impac

An Efficient Approach for Generalized Load Balancing in Multipath Packet Switched Networks

This paper is a quantitative analysis on packet switched network with a view to generalize load balancing and determination of appropriate routing algorithm in multipath environment. Several routing algorithms have been introduced for routing of packets from source to destination. Some of them route packets accurately with increased workload and some of them drastically cut down the workload. A few of them can find out a minimum workload deviation for both UDP and TCP packets. We simulated these approaches in a well defined simulator, analyzed and evaluated their performance. After expanding our analysis with varying weights and number of paths we found that the recently proposed routing algorithm Mixed Weighted Fair Routing (MWFR) outperforms the existing routing algorithms by reducing the routing and network overhead and saving the scarce bandwidth as well as CPU consumption for packet switching networks.Comment: 12 Pages, IJCNC Journal 201

Role of Starting School Age in the Academic Performance at the Tertiary Level

The purpose of this research was to find out whether starting school earlier than four years of age gave any academic benefit to the students in the long run. This research aimed to find out whether the students who started schooling earlier than four years of age are able to achieve better grades and are better at self-regulation at the tertiary level. For this purpose, a sample of 108 students from a private business school comprising both early and late school starters were made to fill in questionnaires reporting their school starting age, their CGPA and answering questions that showed their level of self-regulation. The findings of this study suggest that there is no difference in the academic performance of the two groups, both in terms of their CGPA and their self-regulation skills

Unethical Practices in Pakistani Construction Industry

Construction Industry plays a substantial role in a country’s national economy, regardless of the level of economic development. It is beyond any doubt that this sector is an important employer of a nation’s workforce as it employs between 2 to 10 percent of the total workforce in most of countries. Same is the case with Pakistani Construction Industry. The industry has never been explored and exploited to its fullest capacity. Unfortunately the industry is seriously infected with corrupt and unethical practices which lay major obstacles towards growth and productivity of the industry. This research has been undertaken with a view to find out the most occurring unethical practices in Pakistan. To achieve this objective, a survey questionnaire was designed and disseminated to the respondents. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, out of which total 125 responses were received, which is a good response for this study. The data was analyzed by using Statpro software. The major findings are; lack of training in ethics, corruption and bribery, bid shopping, and fraud and unfair conduct. These can be addressed by evolving codes of ethics, imparting high quality training in ethics and above all setting personal examples by the top management. Keywords: Unethical, Construction, Practices, Pakista