Chirurgie bariatrique, du rêve à la réalité : comment les patients vivent-ils la prise en charge de l’obésité par la chirurgie bariatrique ?

Malgré le faible échantillonnage, cet article décrit très bien les différents vécus de patients ayant subi une chirurgie bariatrique. Il souligne, pour l’avenir, l’implication grandissante du médecin généraliste dans ce type de chirurgie, tant au niveau de l’indication opératoire par le biais de la concertation multidisciplinaire qu’au niveau du suivi post-opératoire à court et long terme. [...

A Retrospective Comparative Study of Primary Versus Revisional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Long-Term Results.

AIMS: To compare the perioperative parameters and excess weight loss between patients operated by laporoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), as a primary operation or a revisional, for insufficient weight loss after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent a LRYGB was performed for the period 2004-2011. Demographics, preoperative body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities, operation time, conversion rate, perioperative complications, hospitalization period, and % of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) were investigated and compared between groups. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-two laparoscopic gastric bypass operations were performed, 245 were primary, and 97 revisional. Median follow-up was 30 months (range 0-108 months). Mean BMI (kg/m2) before bypass was 45.2 for primary laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (pLRYGB) and 41.1 for revisional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (rLRYGB). Median operative time and length of stay were longer for rLRYGB 157.5 versus 235 min (p < 0.001) and 6 versus 6.5 days (p = 0.05). Conversion to laparotomy was performed in eight patients, 0.4% of primary and 7.2% of revisional. Morbidity rate was 6.5% in pLRYGB versus 10% in rLRYGB (NS). There was one death in the primary group. Percentage of EBMIL was significantly lower in the revisional group at 12, 18, and 24 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Revisional and primary gastric bypass have no statistical differences in terms of morbidity. The % of excess BMI loss is lower after revisional gastric bypass during the first 2 years of follow-up. The trend of weight loss or weight regain was similar in both groups

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: comparison of primary versus revisional bypass by using the BAROS score.

Vertically banded gastroplasty or adjustable gastric banding often result in weight regain, complications, or side effects. Failed restrictive bariatric procedures can be converted in revisional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). This study aimed to compare weight loss, evolution of comorbidities, and quality of life (QOL) between primary versus revisional LRYGB

Faut-il encourager la perte de poids avant la chirurgie bariatrique ?

La chirurgie bariatrique est reconnue comme une modalité à part entière du traitement de l’obésité sévère mais aussi de ses comorbidités. De nombreux centres de chirurgie bariatrique encouragent, voire imposent à leurs patients, une perte de poids durant la période pré-opératoire. Le but de cet article est de faire le point sur cette question et de proposer une attitude pratique dans l’attente de données concluantes. L’analyse de la littérature actuelle ne permet pas de conclure de façon univoque concernant l’intérêt de la perte de poids pré-opératoire dans le cadre de la chirurgie bariatrique. Il n’y a donc actuellement pas d’argument suffisant pour considérer que la perte de poids est un prérequis systématique à la chirurgie bariatrique. Le seul bénéfice démontré est la réduction de la taille du foie. Il reste cependant à démontrer par des études prospectives randomisées que la réduction du volume hépatique engendrée par la perte de poids pré-opératoire est accompagnée d’une réduction des complications per- et postopératoires sans risque de dénutrition.[Should we encourage patients to lose weight before bariatric surgery?] Bariatric surgery is recognized as a modality in its own right for the treatment of severe obesity but also of its comorbidities. Many centers of bariatric surgery encourage or even impose on their patients a weight loss before surgery. The purpose of this paper is to review the rationale of this practice and to propose a practical attitude in the expectation of conclusive data. The analysis of the current literature does not make it possible to conclude unequivocally about the value of preoperative weight loss in the context of bariatric surgery. There is thus currently no sufficient argument to consider that weight loss is a systematic prerequisite for bariatric surgery. The only benefit demonstrated is the reduction in liver size. It remains however to be demonstrated by randomized prospective studies that the reduction in hepatic volume caused by preoperative weight loss is accompanied by a reduction in per- and postoperative complications without any risk of undernutrition

Bariatric surgery: Follow-up in general medicine [Chirurgie bariatrique: Le suivi en médecine générale]

La reconnaissance de la chirurgie bariatrique comme une modalité à part entière du traitement de l’obésité et de ses comorbidités a conduit à une nette augmentation du nombre d’intervention de ce type. Afin de garantir le succès et de minimiser les risques, il paraît essentiel de connaître les grands principes du suivi postopératoire de ces patients. En effet, la chirurgie bariatrique impose une modification du comportement alimentaire, expose le patient à certaines complications et induit des carences nutritionnelles. Leur nature est fonction du type de chirurgie, soit purement restrictive (sleeve gastrectomie), soit mixte, restrictive et malabsorptive (bypass gastrique). Alors que les complications chirurgicales sont le plus souvent précoces, les carences nutritionnelles sont plus souvent tardives. Le suivi devra être intensifié en cas de comorbidités associées afin d’adapter le traitement médicamenteux. La grossesse ne pourra être envisagée qu’après une stabilisation du poids et la correction des carences

Management of a jejunal obstruction caused by the migration of a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. A case report

AbstractIntroductionWe present a rare case of jejunal obstruction due to the migration of a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) that occurred 10 years after surgery and was successfully treated by laparoscopy. This report is compliant with the SCARE guidelines.Presentation of caseA 42-year-old woman who underwent LAGB for morbid obesity 10 years ago was admitted with a small bowel obstruction due to the migration of a LAGB in the proximal small bowel. An attempt to endoscopic removal was unsuccessful and resulted in a laparoscopic extraction of the band. The post-operative course was uneventful.DiscussionFormerly, LAGB was considered the safest technique in bariatric surgery. However, the rate of complication increases in long-term studies. When the IGM of the band is diagnosed, removal is the only issue. Small bowel obstruction caused by a migrated band appears to be a rare complication following IGM, and the only therapeutic option is surgery because an endoscopic procedure is not reliable. Furthermore, LAGB appears to be a less effective technique for weight loss than the sleeve gastrectomy and the gastric bypass.ConclusionSmall bowel obstruction caused by LAGB migration is a rare but serious complication following IGM. In such cases, endoscopy has to be avoided because of the risk of jejunal disruption. The only way to treat it properly is surgery. This type of late complication reinforces the interest in the techniques currently used in bariatric surgery such as sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, providing also a better weight loss than the LAGB

Total Laparoscopic Treatment of an Adult Gastric Duplication Cyst with Intrapancreatic Extension.

Objective: Rare disease Background: Gastric duplication is a rare malformation mostly diagnosed during childhood. Symptoms in adults are atypical, rare, or may be completely absent. The diagnosis is suggested after a morphological and histological assessment. The treatment is a complete surgical resection. Case Report: We report on a case of a 28-year-old woman referred to our unit for a surgical assessment of a gastric duplication of the antropyloric area associated with paraduodenal and pancreatic extensions, diagnosed by several image tools and histological confirmation. She had undergone a total laparoscopic resection of the duplication without violation of the gastric lumen or any other splanchnic injury. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day seven without any complains. Conclusions: The present report illustrates that complete resection of a distal gastric duplication is feasible by a laparoscopic minimal invasive procedure and therefore is considered to be a safe therapeutic modality. Our case is the first distal gastric duplication cyst with pancreatic and paraduodenal extension reported in the literature completely resected by laparoscopic approach

Roux-En-Y Fistulojejunostomy: a New Therapeutic Option for Complicated Post-Sleeve Gastric Fistulas, Video-Report.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become during the last few years the most frequent procedure in bariatric surgery. However, complications related to the gastric staple line can be even more serious. The incidence of gastric fistula after LSG varies from 1 to 7%. Its management can be very challenging and long. In case of chronic fistula and failure of the previous treatment, total gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y fistulo-jejunostomy (RYFJ) might be considered. RYFJ has been described very rarely as a salvage procedure of gastric leaks after LSG. METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2015, we have performed a RYFJ in two patients, with chronic and persisting gastric fistulas, one after LSG and one after duodenal switch, respectively. In the two patients, the RYFJ procedure was attempted laparoscopically but in one case (patient after duodenal switch), conversion into laparotomy was necessary because of severe intra-abdominal inflammatory adhesions. In our video, we are presenting the case of this particular patient treated laparoscopically with a late and persisting leak 1 year after LSG. RESULTS: In this multimedia high-definition video, we described the steps of our technique of laparoscopic RYFJ. There was neither mortality nor severe postoperative complications. The fistula control after a minimum of 6 months follow-up was 100% for both of patients. CONCLUSIONS: RYFJ in our particular case was efficient. However, larger series and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the efficiency of the RYFJ as a salvage procedure

Circadian clock dysfunction in human omental fat links obesity to metabolic inflammation.

To unravel the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications, we investigate the interplay between circadian clocks and NF-κB pathway in human adipose tissue. The circadian clock function is impaired in omental fat from obese patients. ChIP-seq analyses reveal that the core clock activator, BMAL1 binds to several thousand target genes. NF-κB competes with BMAL1 for transcriptional control of some targets and overall, BMAL1 chromatin binding occurs in close proximity to NF-κB consensus motifs. Obesity relocalizes BMAL1 occupancy genome-wide in human omental fat, thereby altering the transcription of numerous target genes involved in metabolic inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling. Eventually, clock dysfunction appears at early stages of obesity in mice and is corrected, together with impaired metabolism, by NF-κB inhibition. Collectively, our results reveal a relationship between NF-κB and the molecular clock in adipose tissue, which may contribute to obesity-related complications