Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Gen X and Gen Y in a Financial Institution: A Case Study of Global Payment Service Department

Financial institutions are very competitive and developing its human resources is one of the strategies to make companies strong and competitive. Job satisfaction is one of the key factors that motivate employees to do their best. In this research, data was collected using offline and online questionnaire from 135 employees who currently work at a Global Payment Service Department. The survey included five-point Likert scale to measure four independent variables (participation in decision making, empowerment, reward and recognition and workplace environment) and job satisfaction. The findings indicated that it is important for managers to improve job satisfaction to enhance retention rate and job loyalty

EFL for young learners in Thailand : a classrom study

Learning an additional language, either as a second or a foreign language, is complicated and requires extensive support. Learning English in Thailand is especially tough, as there is a lack of support in the wider social context as well as in schools and classrooms. This research study centres on the young children's achievement in learning English as a second or a foreign language. The theoretical framework of this study is based on claims about young learners' positive characteristics that facilitate language learning. It draws on Vygotsky and Bruner's concepts about children's learning, which are the reflections on Piaget's theory of development, especially in terms of sociocultural theory, as well as some relevant concepts on second language acquisition, task-based language teaching (TBLT), and interactions in learning. This study investigates the implementation of this EFL program instruction with English as the only medium of instruction delivered to these early-years learners in a late kindergarten level who are limited in capacity to communicate with other people even in their own first language. The focus is on language learning policy and language use. In the area of language learning policy, it explores how the formulated policy turns into the curricular focuses to promote English language acquisition. In the area of language use, it investigates the . classroom activities and how the teacher and the learners play roles in promoting or impeding the language learning in this classroom practice. This research study is conducted in interpretive/naturalistic paradigm to collect qualitative data authentically emerging during the instructional process in the 'natural setting' (Richards 2003: 10), through three major kinds of instruments: document reviews; observations; and interviews.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Isolation of linobiflavonoid, a novel biflavonoid from Linostoma pauciflorum Griff

A novel biflavonoid, that we have named linobiflavonoid, and the known biscoumarin ether, daphnoretin, were isolated from the root extracts of Linostoma pauciflorum Griff. The structure of linobiflavonoid was determined from interpretation of its NMR spectroscopic data and from a comparison of this data with those of known biflavonoids and biflavones. The known flavones, 5,4\u27-dihydroxy- 7,3\u27,5\u27-trimethoxyflavone and 5,4\u27-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone along with stigmasterol were isolated from the vines of the same plant. 4\u27-Dihydroxy-7,3\u27-5\u27-trimethoxyflavone was active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 3.13 mu M) and KB-oral cavity cancer (IC50 17.41 mu M). (C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Desing of an Control Unit for an Annunciator System

The control unit that is to be designed can be used to control the annunciators systems in many organizations. Annunciator is a Centralized Warning Panel [CWP], it can be used to disclose the layout and annunciate the status and measurement parameters of industrial processes, manufacturing facilities and other operations. The system performs monitoring, logging and storing of events i.e., faults and normalization of faults. System also provides accept and reset facilities for rectification of the faults. The overall flow of data in the system is through communication across the system via serial port connected to various ports using RS 232 along with method, utilities in the software which can be used to store and maintain data. Many Organizations have their machineries placed at distant places spread over acres of land. In order to increase the efficiency in controlling these machines and to achieve the status of these machines from the static place can be done using this control unit for an annunciator panel. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150310

Mapping malaria transmission foci in Northeast Thailand from 2011 to 2021: approaching elimination in a hypoendemic area

Background: Thailand is approaching local elimination of malaria in the eastern provinces. It has successfully reduced the number of cases over the past decade, but there are persistent transmission hot spots in and around forests. This study aimed to use data from the malaria surveillance system to describe the spatiotemporal trends of malaria in Northeast Thailand and fine-scale patterns in locally transmitted cases between 2011 and 2021. Methods: Case data was stratified based on likely location of infection and parasite species. Annual Parasite Index per 1000 population (API) was calculated for different categories. Time series decomposition was performed to identify trends and seasonal patterns. Statistically significant clusters of high (hot spots) and low (cold spots) API were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The stability of those hot spots and the absolute change in the proportion of API density from baseline were compared by case type. Results: The total number of confirmed cases experienced a non-linear decline by 96.6%, from 1061 in 2011 to 36 in 2021. There has been a decline in both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum case numbers, with only four confirmed P. falciparum cases over the last two years—a 98.89% drop from 180 in 2011. API was generally higher in Si Sa Ket province, which had peaks every 2–3 years. There was a large outbreak in Ubon Ratchathani in 2014–2016 which had a high proportion of P. falciparum reported. The proportion of cases classified increased over the study period, and the proportion of cases classed as indigenous to the village of residence increased from 0.2% to 33.3%. There were stable hot spots of indigenous and imported cases in the south of Si Sa Ket and southeast of Ubon Ratchathani. Plasmodium vivax hot spots were observed into recent years, while those of P. falciparum decreased to zero in Ubon in 2020 and emerged in the eastern part in 2021, the same year that P. falciparum hot spots in Si Sa Ket reached zero. Conclusions: There has been a large, non-linear decline in the number of malaria cases reported and an increasing proportion of cases are classed as indigenous to the patient’s village of residence. Stable hot spots of ongoing transmission in the forested border areas were identified, with transmission likely persisting because of remote location and high-risk forest-going behaviours. Future efforts should include cross-border collaboration and continued targeting of high-risk behaviours to reduce the risk of imported cases seeding local transmission

Directly Observed Therapy and Improved Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Thailand

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that tuberculosis (TB) patients receive directly observed therapy (DOT). Randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown that this practice improves TB treatment success rates. In Thailand, one of 22 WHO-designated high burden TB countries, patients may have TB treatment observed by a health care worker (HCW), family member, or no one. We studied whether DOT improved TB treatment outcomes in a prospective, observational cohort. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We prospectively collected epidemiologic data about TB patients treated at public and private facilities in four provinces in Thailand and the national infectious diseases hospital from 2004-2006. Public health staff recorded the type of observed therapy that patients received during the first two months of TB treatment. We limited our analysis to pulmonary TB patients never previously treated for TB and not known to have multidrug-resistant TB. We analyzed the proportion of patients still on treatment at the end of two months and with treatment success at the end of treatment according to DOT type. We used propensity score analysis to control for factors associated with DOT and treatment outcome. Of 8,031 patients eligible for analysis, 24% received HCW DOT, 59% family DOT, and 18% self-administered therapy (SAT). Smear-positive TB was diagnosed in 63%, and 21% were HIV-infected. Of patients either on treatment or that defaulted at two months, 1601/1636 (98%) patients that received HCW DOT remained on treatment at two months compared with 1096/1268 (86%) patients that received SAT (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-6.0) and 3782/3987 (95%) patients that received family DOT (aOR 2.1; CI, 1.4-3.1). Of patients that had treatment success or that defaulted at the end of treatment, 1369/1477 (93%) patients that received HCW DOT completed treatment compared with 744/1074 (69%) patients that received SAT (aOR 3.3; CI, 2.4-4.5) and 3130/3529 (89%) patients that received family DOT (aOR 1.5; 1.2-1.9). The benefit of HCW DOT compared with SAT was similar, but smaller, when comparing patients with treatment success to those with death, default, or failure. CONCLUSIONS: In Thailand, two months of DOT was associated with lower odds of default during treatment. The magnitude of benefit was greater for DOT provided by a HCW compared with a family member. Thailand should consider increasing its use of HCW DOT during TB treatment

Can aging population affect economic growth through the channel of government spending?

The demographic transition toward an aging society is a global phenomenon. An increase in the aging population directly challenges the government positions and public expenditures as it directly affects a country's aggregate demand and, thus, the country's income level. This paper investigates the impact of an aging population on the size of government spending. Using an updated dataset of 87 countries from 1996 to 2017, we study the aggregate level and each composition of government expenditures. Furthermore, we investigate whether the aging population influences the allocation of government spending toward different categories and economic growth changes. The paper uses the generalized method of moment (GMM) model for the dynamic panel data analysis to address the endogeneity problem. Our main findings suggest that an increase in the old-age population significantly induces higher aggregate government spending but only in developed countries and in particular on the spending in the social protection and environment categories. However, the aging society leads to lower government expenditure on education. Other critical findings reveal that changes in some compositions of government spending toward cultural expenditures impact growth slowdown, while an allocation toward education spending positively impacts economic growth

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