KELAYAKAN BOOKLET KERAGAMAN ANGIOSPERMAE DI HUTAN CAGAR ALAM GUNUNG MUTIS (CAGM) SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SISWA

Keragaman Angiospermae di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutih (CAGM) belum termanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar dan sumber belajar yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di SMAN 1 Mollo Utara adalah buku paket yang tersaji dengan gambar yang tersaji tidak berwarna, sehingga dibutuhkan media pembelajaran berupa booklet. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kelayakan booklet keragaman Angiospermae di hutan CAGM sebagai media pembelajaran bagi siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implemention, evaluation). Namun, pengembangan booklet dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai fase development (pengembangan) yang  meliputi 2 tahap, yaitu penyusunan hasil identifikasi Spermatophyta menjadi media booklet dan validasi media booklet untuk melihat kelayakannya sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian aspek format, isi, dan bahasa. Hasil penelitian pengembangan yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa booklet keragaman Angiospermae di hutan Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis (CAGM) layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi siswa SMAN 1 Mollo Utara. Berdasarkan aspek format, booklet dinilai layak karena menampilkan gambar dan tulisan dengan jelas serta tersusun secara sistematis. Penilaian aspek isi booklet menunjukkan materi pada booklet sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan yang dijadikan dasar dalam penulisan. Untuk aspek bahasa, media booklet sesuai dengan kaidah EYD dan penggunaan kalimat tidak menimbulkan penafsiran ganda atau salah pengertian. The Angiosperms diversity in the Gunung Mutih Nature Reserve (CAGM) has not been utilized as a learning resource and the learning resource used in the learning process at SMAN 1 Mollo Utara was textbook that are presented with pictures in colorless, so the learning media was needed in the form of booklet. The study aimed to determine the feasibility of the Angiosperms diversity booklet in the CAGM forest as a learning media for students. This study was a research and development with the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). However, the development of the booklet in this study only reached the development phase which included 2 stages, namely preparation of the identification results of Spermatophyta into booklet media and validation of the booklet to determine its feasibility as the learning media based on the assessment of the format, content, and language aspects.The results of the development research showed that the Angiospermae diversity booklet in the Gunung Mutis Nature Reserve (CAGM) forest was suitable for use as the learning media for students of SMAN 1 Mollo Utara. Based on the aspect of format, the booklet was considered feasible because it displayed pictures and writing clearly and systematically arranged. The assessment of booklet content aspect showed that the material in the booklet was in accordance with the educational objectives that were used as the basis for writing. For the language aspect, the booklet media was in accordance with the EYD rules and the use of sentences did not cause multiple interpretations or misunderstandings

Peran Etika dalam Pelayanan Publik Sesuai Pembangunan Daerah

: Social life in state to International levels needs a system that governs how people should get along. The system setting makes people socially respectful and known as manners and etiquette. The implementation of ethical principle can also be applied in the implementation of public service including language, attitudes, and behavior of service providers. This study used qualitative research method. The location researched in this study was Dau District Office, Malang Regency focusing on the role of ethics in Public Service in Dau District Office, Malang, and how suitable the role of ethics and the development. To meet the objectives of this study, it used data analysis technique that involves three phases namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. From the research results, it is showed that the role of ethics in public service in the Dau District Office of Malang is maximum; the officers are friendly, the services dos not that take a long time, and this office has also been awarded several times as the best service category. Furthermore, the role of ethics in accordance with the development has a good cooperation between the government and the society of Dau District, ranging from the early stages to the completion process, the community also participate in the implementation of the control and supervision of the construction by the existence of a good cooperation between the government and the society existing in Dau district, so that the development would change faster. Keywords: Ethics, Public Services, Developmen

Peningkatan Kemampuan Menjumlahkan Bilangan Pecahan Melalui Media Kertas Lipat Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Wairotan

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying folding paper learning media. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) designed to help teachers (researchers) find and solve learning problems that occur in the classroom. This class action research will be carried out in a cyclical manner, between cycle I and cycle II. The results showed that after giving action for two cycles the average score of the test results increased learning outcomes by applying learning media Kertas Lipat in Mathematics subjects increased. Cycle I resulted in a score of 65% with the category not meeting the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). In cycle II, it experienced a very significant increase of 91.3% and met KKM.  This shows that student learning outcomes in Mathematics subjects can be further applied to improve student learning achievement, especially in Mathematics subjects summing fractional numbers.  The use of Folding Paper media can improve the learning outcomes of grade V students of SD Inpres Wairotang

O PROTÓTIPO DA MALANDRAGEM NO CORDEL ENCONTRO DE CANCAO DE FOGO COM PEDRO MALASARTES

A literatura de cordel é um gênero literário popular que aborda temas como; a novela, a política, a culinária, fatos do dia-a-dia, e, acontecimentos históricos que são (re)lembrados por meio de ações heroicas de personagens do folclore português/brasileiro. Ou seja, tal literatura serve como fonte de informação, que tem como objetivo levar ao povo diferentes visões de mundo. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se expor argumentos reflexivos sobre a malandragem presente no cordel Encontro de Cancão de Fogo com Pedro Malasartes, de Minelvino Francisco Silva (1957), propondo, assim, ressaltar a importância das personagens para a sociedade atual. Tanto Pedro Malasartes, quanto Cancão de Fogo se destacam nas histórias por suas características pitorescas. Malasartes é símbolo de resistência em diversos países, onde suas narrativas sempre levam um cunho de crítica social. Cancão de Fogo é um anti-herói, considerado o porta-voz da classe menos favorecida, uma vez que ele usa de suas malandragens e astúcias para combater os opressores. As características apresentadas em ambos os personagens, servem para desconstruir a ideia de que o sertanejo é desprovido de inteligência, pois eles constroem suas armas por meio da criatividade, armas essas, que sempre acabam dando certo no decorrer das aventuras. Sendo assim, esses personagens são figuras do folclore brasileiro que se utilizam da astúcia e da inteligência para sobressair-se em diversas situações. Pedro Malasartes e Cancão de Fogo adquirem as características de anti-herói e do malandro que vão contra a ascensão e a ordem social vigente, agindo, assim, em prol da sobrevivência. Tais personagens passam da oralidade para a escrita, contribuindo, para formação cultural de um povo. Por esta ótica, Cancão de Fogo e Pedro Malasartes são figuras muito presentes nos cordéis, surgindo como reflexo do sertanejo que é visto como inferior pela classe dominante. Desse modo, analisa-se nesse trabalho toda a construção simbólica das personagens no cordel, evidenciando traços relacionados ao povo nordestino. Partindo desta constatação, fez-se necessária uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pautando-se nas teorias de Haurélio (2010), Da Matta (1997), Abreu (2004), Cascudo (1979, 2000), e Cândido (1970) que fundamentam esse artigo. Assim, verificou-se que a malandragem explícita no cordel se faz presente para evidenciar os divergentes problemas sociais onde as pessoas que fazem parte da classe menos favorecida, muitas vezes, tende a contar com o jeitinho a fim de conseguir seus objetivos

Characterization of egg white gel microstructure and its relationship with pepsin diffusivity

Understanding the diffusion of digestive enzymes, particularly pepsin, in different food structures, is a key factorto better control protein digestion and absorption. This study aimed to investigate how protein-based foodmicrostructure impacts pepsin diffusion. Two egg white gels (EWGs) of identical protein concentration (10%)but different structures were used as food models. The two different gel structures were prepared by heatingliquid egg white at pH5 and pH9, respectively. Results showed that egg white proteins formed a compact andmicrostructurally homogeneous gel at pH9 (mean particle size of 0.32 ± 0.02 μm, with a mean interparticledistance of 0.76 ± 0.07 μm), which leads to a lower FITC-pepsin diffusion coefficient(Deff=44.2 ± 6.1 μm2 s−1), compared to the pH5-EWG (Deff=52.5 ± 5.3 μm2 s−1). The microstructure ofthe pH5-EWG was characterised by a spatially heterogeneous loose protein matrix made of larger aggregateparticles (mean particle size of 0.76 ± 0.07 μm, with a mean interparticle distance of 1.79 ± 0.57 μm). Inaddition to the effects of the EWG microstructure, the environmental pH also affects the FITC-pepsin diffusion,likely because of the impact on electrostatic interactions between pepsin and the egg white proteins

Prophylactic Palmitoylethanolamide Prolongs Survival and Decreases Detrimental Inflammation in Aged Mice With Bacterial Meningitis

Easy-to-achieve interventions to promote healthy longevity are desired to diminish the incidence and severity of infections, as well as associated disability upon recovery. The dietary supplement palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Here, we investigated the effect of prophylactic PEA on the early immune response, clinical course, and survival of old mice after intracerebral E. coli K1 infection. Nineteen-month-old wild type mice were treated intraperitoneally with two doses of either 0.1 mg PEA/kg in 250 μl vehicle solution (n = 19) or with 250 μl vehicle solution only as controls (n = 19), 12 h and 30 min prior to intracerebral E. coli K1 infection. The intraperitoneal route was chosen to reduce distress in mice and to ensure exact dosing. Survival time, bacterial loads in cerebellum, blood, spleen, liver, and microglia counts and activation scores in the brain were evaluated. We measured the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, and CXCL1 in cerebellum and spleen, as well as of bioactive lipids in serum in PEA- and vehicle-treated animals 24 h after infection. In the absence of antibiotic therapy, the median survival time of PEA-pre-treated infected mice was prolonged by 18 h compared to mice of the vehicle-pre-treated infected group (P = 0.031). PEA prophylaxis delayed the onset of clinical symptoms (P = 0.037). This protective effect was associated with lower bacterial loads in the spleen, liver, and blood compared to those of vehicle-injected animals (P ≤ 0.037). PEA-pre-treated animals showed diminished levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in spleen 24 h after infection, as well as reduced serum concentrations of arachidonic acid and of one of its metabolites, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In the brain, prophylactic PEA tended to reduce bacterial titers and attenuated microglial activation in aged infected animals (P = 0.042). Our findings suggest that prophylactic PEA can counteract infection associated detrimental responses in old animals. Accordingly, PEA treatment slowed the onset of infection symptoms and prolonged the survival of old infected mice. In a clinical setting, prophylactic administration of PEA might extend the potential therapeutic window where antibiotic therapy can be initiated to rescue elderly patients

Expression of a Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase typical for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis increases the vulnerability of neuroblastoma cells to infectious injury

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infections can aggravate the course of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the anti-oxidant enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, SOD1) are associated with familial ALS. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most frequent respiratory pathogen, causes damage by the action of the cholesterol-binding virulence factor pneumolysin and by stimulation of the innate immune system, particularly via Toll-like-receptor 2.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells transfected with the G93A mutant of SOD1 typical for familial ALS (G93A-SOD1) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells transfected with wildtype SOD1 were both exposed to pneumolysin and in co-cultures with cultured human macrophages treated with the Toll like receptor 2 agonist N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-[R]-cysteinyl-[S]-seryl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysine × 3 HCl (Pam₃CSK₄). Cell viability and apoptotic cell death were compared morphologically and by in-situ tailing. With the help of the WST-1 test, cell viability was quantified, and by measurement of neuron-specific enolase in the culture supernatant neuronal damage in co-cultures was investigated. Intracellular calcium levels were measured by fluorescence analysis using fura-2 AM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells transfected with the G93A mutant of SOD1 typical for familial ALS (G93A-SOD1) were more vulnerable to the neurotoxic action of pneumolysin and to the attack of monocytes stimulated by Pam₃CSK₄ than SH-SY5Y cells transfected with wild-type human SOD1. The enhanced pneumolysin toxicity in G93A-SOD1 neuronal cells depended on the inability of these cells to cope with an increased calcium influx caused by pores formed by pneumolysin. This inability was caused by an impaired capacity of the mitochondria to remove cytoplasmic calcium. Treatment of G93A-SOD1 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced the toxicity of pneumolysin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The particular vulnerability of G93A-SOD1 neuronal cells to hemolysins and inflammation may be partly responsible for the clinical deterioration of ALS patients during infections. These findings link infection and motor neuron disease and suggest early treatment of respiratory infections in ALS patients.</p

Impairment of mitochondrial calcium handling in a mtSOD1 cell culture model of motoneuron disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons (MN) in the brain stem and spinal cord. Intracellular disruptions of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium have been associated with selective MN degeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present evidence supports a hypothesis that mitochondria are a target of mutant SOD1-mediated toxicity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and intracellular alterations of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium might aggravate the course of this neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we used a fluorescence charged cool device (CCD) imaging system to separate and simultaneously monitor cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium concentrations in individual cells in an established cellular model of ALS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of SOD1^G93Aassociated motor neuron disease, we simultaneously monitored cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium concentrations in individual cells. Voltage – dependent cytosolic Ca²⁺elevations and mitochondria – controlled calcium release mechanisms were monitored after loading cells with fluorescent dyes fura-2 and rhod-2. Interestingly, comparable voltage-dependent cytosolic Ca²⁺elevations in WT (SH-SY5Y^WT) and G93A (SH-SY5Y^G93A) expressing cells were observed. In contrast, mitochondrial intracellular Ca²⁺release responses evoked by bath application of the mitochondrial toxin FCCP were significantly smaller in G93A expressing cells, suggesting impaired calcium stores. Pharmacological experiments further supported the concept that the presence of G93A severely disrupts mitochondrial Ca²⁺regulation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, by fluorescence measurement of cytosolic calcium and using simultaneous [Ca²⁺]i and [Ca²⁺]_mitomeasurements, we are able to separate and simultaneously monitor cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium concentrations in individual cells an established cellular model of ALS. The primary goals of this paper are (1) method development, and (2) screening for deficits in mutant cells on the single cell level. On the technological level, our method promises to serve as a valuable tool to identify mitochondrial and Ca²⁺-related defects during G93A-mediated MN degeneration. In addition, our experiments support a model where a specialized interplay between cytosolic calcium profiles and mitochondrial mechanisms contribute to the selective degeneration of neurons in ALS.</p

AS PRÁTICAS ORAIS DAS REZADEIRAS: UM PATRIMÔNIO IMATERIAL PRESENTE NA VIDA DOS ITABAIANENSES

As rezadeiras, também conhecidas como benzedeiras, possuem uma importante função na parcela da sociedade que mantém usos e costumes tradicionais: estabelecer relações com o sagrado. Essa tradição tem a oralidade como carro chefe. Detentoras de um grande saber religioso são capazes de, por meio das rezas e dos rituais, curar males e devolver o equilíbrio emocional e físico àqueles que as procuram. O ofício que exercem é transmitido de geração a geração, de maneira que a pessoa que aprendeu ou foi escolhida para exercer tal ofício também repassará, algum dia, seus saberes a seu sucessor ou sucessora. A continuidade dessa cultura contribui para a preservação do patrimônio cultural, configurado em suas dimensões intangíveis. No que se refere ao patrimônio imaterial, eixo norteador do trabalho, diz respeito às praticas e domínios de saberes, ofícios, valores e a diferentes formas de expressão que compõem a vida social de base comunitária. Este artigo está centrado no oficio de duas rezadeiras populares da região itabaianense, etapa inicial de um trabalho de pesquisa de campo, mais amplo, que está se desenvolvendo em Itabaiana - PB: por um lado, resultará em tese de doutorado e outros estudos acadêmicos; por outro, buscará sensibilizar instituições locais para que o ofício de rezadeira seja reconhecido como patrimônio imaterial. As práticas orais das rezadeiras serão apresentadas a partir dos relatos, memórias e performances. Para esta pesquisa está se utilizando gravação de som e imagem, de modo a dar ênfase às vozes das rezadeiras que, durante o processo dialógico estabelecido com a interlocutora que as procurou (neste caso, Danielle Gomes do Nascimento) presentificam lembranças e práticas religiosas. As duas rezadeiras contaram um pouco da vida religiosa, da pratica com as rezas e outros afazeres. A pesquisa parte do conhecimento empírico das rezadeiras a fim de apreender os significados do fenômeno social praticado por elas – da cura por meio das rezas. O trabalho está embasado nos princípios definidos pelo IPHAN (Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional) para identificação do Patrimônio Imaterial Brasileiro e autores que reconhecem a importância da memória na coletividade – Bergson (2011), Halbwachs (2006), Bosi (2004), autores que fornecem subsídios para os estudos da oralidade e estudos linguísticos – Ong (1998), Zumthor (2007) e Bakhtin (2010), entre outros. Portanto, as rezadeiras ou benzedeiras estão presentes nos costumes tradicionais da religiosidade brasileira e têm sido identificadas como detentoras de saberes e por seu oficio apreendidos e aprendidos por meio de transmissão oral