Parent report and direct assessment of language and attention in culturally and linguistically diverse children

These data accompany PLOS One manuscript "Convergence between parent report and direct assessment of language and attention in culturally and linguistically diverse children". They consist of parent report and direct child test measures of language and attention skills in 112 children aged 6-8 year

Antioxidant enzymes, presbycusis, and ethnic variability

INTRODUCTION: A proposed mechanism for presbycusis is a significant increase in oxidative stress in the cochlea. The enzymes glutathione s-transferase (GST) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) are two classes of antioxidant enzymes active in the cochlea. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association of different polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and NAT2 and presbycusis, and analyze if ethnicity has an effect in the genotype-phenotype associations. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study of 134 DNA samples. SETTING: University-based tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical, audiometric, and DNA testing of 55 adults with presbycusis and comparison with 79 normal-hearing controls. RESULTS: The GSTM1 null genotype was present in 77% of White Hispanics and 51% of White non-Hispanics (Fisher’s exact test, 2-tail, p =0.0262). The GSTT1 null genotype was present in 34% of controls and in 60% of White presbycusis subjects (p=0.0067, OR=2.843, CI=1.379, 5.860). The GSTM1 null genotype was more frequent in presbycusis subjects, 48% of controls and 69% of White subjects carrying this deletion (p=0.0198, OR=2.43, CI=1.163,5.067). The NAT2*6A mutant genotype was more frequent among subjects with presbycusis (60%) than in controls (34%) (p=0.0086. OR=2.88, CI=1.355, 6.141). DISCUSSION: We showed an increased risk of presbycusis among Caucasians carrying the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 null genotype and the NAT*6A mutant allele. Individuals with the GSTT1 null genotypes are almost three times more likely to develop presbycusis than those with the wild type. The GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent in White Hispanics than in White non-Hispanics, but the GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms were equally represented in the two groups