Modalities of a Public Private Partnership in Implementation of Delhis Mass Rapid Transit System

Public agencies inadequacy in provision of infrastructure support for urban development hardly needs any reiteration, nor does the fact that infrastructure provision, particularly in the context of a city with per-capita income as that of Delhi, would remain (and should remain) largely a public service. This dichotomy essentially then points to a partnership option where the public bodies look for a partner in the non government sector for supplementing its resources. For making the partnership happen there are two basic questions that need to be answered 1. Why the partnership or what would bring the private sector and the public sector together ? The answer could be found if we were to see the service unbundled. It is seen that the main tasks involved in providing the MRTS are preparation of Technical Design, Construction of the facilities and Operating & Maintaining the facilities. Of these it is only the construction that requires private sector inputs, the others can be managed by the Delhi Merto Rail Corporation. The approach needed would essentially have to be one which is able to identify a common goal or, in other words, bring in a common vision so that all sides "own" the project. This goal convergence could be the integration of transport with land development. DDA and private sector developers/builders could be involved in the process of real estate development, to overcome the government's inability to mobilise public sector funds for the project. 2. How the partnership? For construction of MRTS facilities and property development, a joint development approach through a "Special Project Vehicle" (SPV) is proposed. The partners in the joint venture would be under a legal contract. The advantage of this organisational structure would be commitment of resources by all sides and allocation of risks to those partners who are in better position to handle them . The Plan Development Process discussed here suggests a new approach to planning itself. Working in a Public-Private-Partnership or PPP, means a new kind relationship between the private and public agencies which is quite at variance with their more traditional manner of dealing with each other. The new concept demands from the partners, a number of adjustments in the manner in which they operate, so that a comfortable and meaningful association can be established. For the union & Delhi governments and DDA, this would mean a major change in skills and knowledge needed, but before that, and more important than that, a change in attitude. Liberalisation and private sector participation can not take place in institutional vacuum. Organisations, laws, rules and regulations are necessary to be modified for the public agencies to respond effectively to their changed role from that of direct provision to that of management; to avoid misuse and for the public agencies to be able to monitor the results afterwards.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Why Peri-Urban Ecosystem Services Matter For Urban Policy

This briefing draws on recent research to show how people benefit from ecoystems in and around cities, and how these benefits can be integrated into urban planning and policy. There is a growing international consensus that cities must form the vanguard in addressing the numerous challenges of sustainable development. Sustainability is also an essential ingredient for a globally competitive city. However, in rapidly growing cities of South Asia, governments and international agencies must not simply think of cities as urban islands. Cities must be understood in terms of the processes of urbanisation which unfold across the rural-urban continuum, with environmental processes integral. We argue that failure to do so is undermining the ability to build inclusive and resilient cities.DFIDESRC-DFIDNER

L'habitat informel à Delhi. Panorama historique et implications politiques.

L'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème que pose la prévalence de l'habitat informel dans les villes d'Asie du sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population.habitat, habitat informel, structure urbaine, développement urbain

Pairing mega events and hydrological systems for urban sustainability : strategy framework for Delhi beyond the Commonwealth Games 2010

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81).(cont.) initiate a process by which the city learns to seize opportunities through benign and sustainable change. Furthermore, this thesis intends to inform decision makers with a checklist of crucial tradeoffs, risks and benefits involved in incorporating water systems as a strategy framework. Eventually, the thesis argues that CWG 2010 organizers cannot ignore the crucial nature or threats posed by the neglect of Delhi's Water Systems. It proves that CWG 2010 organizers can benefit from the inherent utility offered by Delhi's Water Systems. Finally, it demonstrates that Delhi's hydrological systems allow an advantageous compatibility of the CWG's short-term objectives and the city's long-term objectives.This thesis studies the inter-influence of urban hydrological systems and mega congregative events, as basis for urban strategy for sustainability. It questions how structuring the Commonwealth Games 2010 around Delhi's stream networks and the Yamuna River front create a more sustainable city. Millennia of continuous urban settlement have evolved hydraulic networks that allow extensive human control of Delhi's hydrological complex. This hierarchical system of water retaining, diverting and flood control structures made large populations possible in an otherwise arid landscape. Delhi's topography and this network of streams, lakes, step wells, canals and the Yamuna River determined the size and shape of successive settlements through critical urban functions, such as defense, transport, drinking water supply, irrigation and flood control. Identifying persistent aspects of this framework can help determine the range and nature of physical effects triggered by the Commonwealth Games. The thesis hypothesizes that strategy frameworks that employ Delhi's hydrological system to frame large, planned events are more likely to be beneficial and sustainable over time. It attempts to identify the utility and crucial nature of Delhi's hydrological system to the success of the Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2010. I aim to demonstrate the potential of Delhi's hydrological system in informing strategies to pool existing resources and make future investments. The thesis also aims to exploit the opportunity provided by the Games to establish Delhi's hydrological systems as the guiding force of future planning efforts. This entails making the city more self-aware and stimulating an envisioning process. It expects to raise public awareness and debate toby Danny Cherian.M.C.P

L'habitat informel à Delhi : panorama historique et implications politiques

Texte intégral disponible à http://www.annalesdelarechercheurbaine.fr/IMG/pdf/ARU106-Giraud_ST.pdfNational audienceL'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème dans les villes d'Asie du Sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population

Urban Development in India

According to the census of 2001, 742 million people live in rural areas and 285 million in urban areas in India, comprising 72.2% and 27.8% of the population, respectively. The ratio of the urban to rural population is not as high as in many other countries. However, urbanization in India is rapidly proceeding, especially in cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi, which already have several million residents each, and continue to grow. Many urban problems exist in these cities because most of them are overcrowded. The government has prepared urban planning strategies to resolve the issue of over-urbanization and to control growth. Furthermore, the government has a policy of forcing some industries to relocate to rural areas in order to dissolve regional disparity. The purpose of this paper is to give a clear perspective of urban planning and development in India. Delhi had primarily been a political city, but has become increasingly industrialized. After India gained independence, Delhi's population increased rapidly and many industries have become established there, which resulted in a lot of serious urban problems due to overcrowded conditions. The government established the DDA (Delhi Development Authority) in 1955, and DDA presented the Delhi Act in 1957. Furthermore, DDA created master plan for Delhi to disperse population and industries. DDA planned to build DMA towns, which are satellite cities like Gurgaon and Faridabad in the surrounding area. In addition, the government has restricted the locations for new factories in Delhi. However, these policies had the unwanted effect of increasing regional disparity because population and industries concentrated in the Delhi metropolitan area. The central government had to prepare a new policy. The government established the NCRPB (National Capital Region Planning Board) in 1985 to force industries to relocate from Delhi and encourage economic development in rural areas. However, the NCRPB's region of responsibility was the NCR (National Capital Region) with the eアジア工業化の新展開と大都市開発 : 南アジア研究者と東南アジア研究者の対話を目指し

The waterfront engine : proposal for a 21st century Delhi

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-142).Delhi, a 14 million people megacity, has a huge open space area available in its heart along the banks of the Yamuna River. At the same time, Delhi, which would like to become a fully-fledged global city, does not have a real modern business district yet, which explains why companies are moving to business-friendly neighbouring States such as Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, even as these companies would be much useful for the economic and social development of the capital of India. The banks of the Yamuna appear like an ideal location for a new business center. Or is it really? Research shows that creating a business-oriented waterfront along the Yamuna would be a valuable option and would bring in more revenue to the city than other solutions for the site, but only if certain conditions are respected in terms of environment, infrastructure and politics. Soil improvement and earthquake engineering techniques, renovated systems of transportation, water supply and treatment and electricity generation, mixed land use as well as institutional reforms and an intelligent real estate strategy are all necessary conditions for creating a waterfront that will be both attractive and sustainable. These conditions create minimu and maximum thresholds for development, between which conditions vary and create three different designs: a "Central Park model", a "Lutyens model" and a "Singapore" one. Key-Words: Delhi - Yamuna - floods - waterfront - global city - megacity - soil improvement - economic development - real estate - capital city - development project.by Philippe Morgan de Rivery.M.C.P

Fiscal management in Haryana: A Review

The state of Haryana, an old success story of the green revolution in the country, continues to be a relatively high per capita income state. The fiscal position of Haryana has also been sound. But after the onset of the policy of liberalisation by the Government of India (GoI) in 1991-92, the economic performance of the state has slowed down in comparison to the national growth rate. The fiscal indicators also started showing signs of deterioration. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to understand the factors leading to the worsening situation of the state finances. Investigations reveal that the revenue receipts of the state could not keep pace with expenditure requirements and therefore, led to the decline of its fiscal health. The problem was aggravated by the imposition of prohibition policy in mid `90s. The Fifth Pay Commission affected the expenditure side of the budget substantially and the state was in trouble by the late 90s. However, the government took corrective measure and the situation was brought under control. Detailed analyses suggest that social sector performance has been deteriorating and the government has not been able to do anything worthwhile to reverse it. Neither enhancement in public expenditure nor change in policy regime to attract non-government players is visible. In fact, Haryana would have done far better had it acted proactively and modified its policies to take advantage of the changed ground realities after 1991-92. Haryana also missed some opportunities to mobilise funds from unconventional sources at competitive rates. The most obvious deficiency in the economic management of the state is that it has not been able develop growth centre(s) organically connected to its hinterland. This has resulted in a highly unbalanced regional development of the state. Consequently, only these areas of Haryana which are adjoining Delhi, are the growing regions, having very poor linkage with most part of the state. These deficiencies need corrective steps by the Government of Haryana (GoH).

Delhi : city profile

Exclusionary policies have polarized the urban poor and the informal sector. Lack of basic services makes access to water supply and affordable electricity supply, housing for squatters, and regularization of unauthorized colonies, important points of contestation in recent elections. This report outlines urban development and governance in Delhi, where 16 million people live and work. Most planned development is unaffordable for low-income households. The enclave or ghetto phenomenon exists both among the privileged and underprivileged population groups, for example the gated housing colonies of rich families, co-operative group housing societies, and poor migrants’ hutment clusters

An overview of India’s Urbanization, Urban Economic Growth and Urban Equity

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the recent past trends and patterns of urbanization, urban economic growth, and urban equity measured by urban poverty and inequality in India. In addition, it reviews the different urban development policies and programmes which are undertaken in different Plan Periods in India. The analysis shows that higher rate of urbanization is associated with higher economic growth, lower level of poverty and higher extent of inequality in urban India. Finally, the study suggests that Indian government needs to speed up the urbanization rate as it contributes higher share of national GDP by reducing urban poverty and inequality