From retrospective to real-time system – LURR earthquake prediction on Sakhalin (2019–2022)

The results of an experiment on the implementation of operational analysis of Sakhalin seismicity by the LURR method of medium-term earthquake prediction are presented. Monitoring began in 2022 on the basis of the LURR parameter calculations based on 2019–2021 seismic data. The island territory is divided into 36 calculated areas, which evenly cover it in increments of 0.5 degree in latitude and longitude. Prediction zones for this period are constructed, including those calculated areas in which anomalies of the LURR parameter have been detected. During 2022, information about new anomalies and prediction zones was added quarterly. The main objective of the experiment is to test the work with data in quasi-real time mode and to check the quality of solving the procedural issues related to prediction from the approval stage to the completion one. In the period of 2019–2022, 25 anomalies of the prediction parameter were detected. In the retrospective database (from 2019 to 2021), two prediction zones were identified in 2020 (consisting of 9 and 4 calculation areas, respectively). Two more prediction zones were formed in 2022 (3 and 6 calculation areas). Predictions with the definition of time, place and strength were approved for three prediction zones at the meetings of the Sakhalin Branch of the Russian Expert Council on Emergency Situations (SB REC). During 2022, two out of three predictions were recognized as realized. In the fourth zone, the prediction was realized, but an earthquake with the required parameters has occurred after the definition of the zone within a quarter, i.e. both the prediction zone and its implementation were simultaneously recorded, already after the fact (data processing is carried out once a quarter). In this case, the forecast is not recognized as either a missed goal or realized in real time (retrospectively, this is a successful forecast), but it is procedurally defined as a technical omission. As of the beginning of 2023, there is one active prediction zone in the north of the island. The experiment continues

Specifics of the Fuel and Energy Complex Regulation: Seeking New Opportunities for Russian and International Aspects

The goal of this article is to define the main trends and possible ways of further development of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) in the Russian economy. The following tasks were solved to achieve this goal: to determine the place of the Russian FEC in the world economy, to assess the results achieved in implementing the energy strategy, and to identify promising directions for regulating the Russian FEC. The results of the study allow to conclude that certain positive indicators were achieved in the field of improving energy security, reducing energy intensity and increasing the budgetary efficiency of the FEC as part of the ES-2030 implementation. At the moment, the regulatory and legal framework has been formed and is being further developed, measures for import substitution in the FEC sectors are being taken, tax, customs and tariff policies are being improved, measures have been developed and implemented to increase the availability of energy infrastructure, etc. Further measures of state regulation of the FEC sectors should be aimed at the development of renewable energy economy, measures to encourage investments in the FEC, and the improvement of the system of tariff setting for electricity transmission services. Keywords: energy security, energy conservation, renewable energy sources (RES). JEL Classifications: L70, P20, P2