2 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Trichoderma ΠΈ Gliocladium Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ
The analysis was conducted on the general biogenicity and phylogenetic structure of fungi in the soil microbiome of greenhouse cucumbers grown as a monoculture and after the precursors of pepper and lettuce. The relationship between the following indicators has been proved: the total biological activity of the soil, the species composition of micromycetes, the development of Fusarium root rot, and yield. The effect of biological preparations based on strains of Trichoderma viride and Gliocladium virens antagonistic fungi on the development of Fusarium root rot, nematodes and yield of cucumbers was studied. The results of the experiment show that when cucumbers are grown after the precursor pepper and lettuce, the development of Fusarium root rot and nematodes does not exceed critical values. The introduction of Trichoderma and Gliocladium fungi into the soil in the form of a dry preparation with a titre 2.0 x 1010 conidia/g when transplanting plants to a permanent place at a consumption rate of 40 kg/ha increases the yield of greenhouse cucumbers by 20-23%. The experiment is part of the study of the "soil exhaustion" syndrome and the possibilities of overcoming it. The obtained results will serve as bioindicators that can be used for preliminary diagnostics of the sanitary condition of degraded soils, selection of agrotechnical, breeding and protective measures of plants.ΠΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ². ΠΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ±ΠΈ Trichoderma viride ΠΈ Gliocladium virens Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½Π΅, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Trichoderma ΠΈ Gliocladium Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΡ 2.0 x 1010 c/g ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° 40 kg/ha ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ 20-23%. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π° "ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°" ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Organic Production of Snap Bean in Bulgaria: Pests and Diseases Incidence and Control, Soil Fertility and Yield
Among factors affecting snap bean production in organic growing systems, pests and diseases are of paramount importance. The current study was aimed to determine the impact of organic production practices on snap bean pests and diseases infestation, soil fertility and yield. Five treatments of plants during the whole growing season with a Bordeaux mixture at a dose of 3000 g/ha, provided more than 50 percent protective effect against the development of the bacterial blight Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. phaseoli and anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. In organic fields, commercial bioproducts containing pyrethrins or entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana can be successfully applied to control the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). To limit the attack of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say), phytopesticide containing pyrethrins can also be used. Against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), products containing the active ingredient azadirachtin were seen to be effective five days after treatment. Soil amendment with vermicompost at a dose of 2850 L/ha slightly increased the amounts of water-soluble nutrients; however, soil remained nutrient deficient across the growing season. Among the tested Bulgarian varieties, Evros possessed higher yield, and appear to be suitable for organic system than the Tangra variety